A Study On The Intellectual And Rigional Public Welfare In Southern Song Dynasty

From the Tang Dynasty, the local Nobles group began the process of centralization,along with the breaking up with local capital and political power, and finally retreated fromthe destined history. Between the periods An-Shih Rebellion to the Five Dynasties, a largenumber of noble group migrated to the south China. During the late Tang, the economydevelopment in south China is absolutely boosted and obviously prosperous to the NorthChina, while in the culture, a almost balance state is shown between north and south, southwith tiny priority. This switch in economy and culture is at the result of the migration of noblegroup. In the late Tang, under the situation of regular wars, the local forces have begun to riseup.Imperial examination system will bring about a certain degree of mobility in socialclasses. In the mid-Tang Dynasty, this mobility began to form a community of imperialexamination industry sectors. In the late Tang Dynasty, this community also stretches to theSouth-Eastern China. When it gets to the Northern Song Dynasty, where the imperialexamination system, and officials at the local school promoted ceaselessly, the number of thelocal noble group continues to expand. This stems is under the foundation of the popularity ofthe Southern Song Dynasty of local public and private education, and printing technology.The self-esteem of the Southern Song noble group becomes more consistent. The formation ofscholars began to approach convergence, and the class has also emerged a basic levels.As is an important class of society in the Southern Song Dynasty, because of the socialstatus advantages of the noble scholars, the pursue of the rich civil group, as well as localofficials of the Scholar’s courtesy and interaction on this solid foundation, thus the noblescholars participate in the process of public welfare cooperated with the government officialsand other rich civil class to gain a certain authority of culture. This cultural authority stretchesfrom the control of family and clan, and goes beyond the neighborhood clan, and then entersthe sphere of public life., which is in the charge of the local officials. Therefore, Scholars andofficials interact in the public sphere emerges.The Noble Scholars are involved in the many areas of public welfare, such as economicassistance activities, like the social relief, free service etc., and the construction of publicworks, like bridge construction, water conservancy projects, and cultural facilities, like official school construction, the construction of shrines and other activities. The nobleScholars are actively involved. As participatory manner, the basic points are two types, one iscapital participation, and the other is management participation.Though participated in public welfare undertakings, scholars only interacted with localofficials, while Most of public welfare activities are still dominated by local officials, theinfluence of the scholars’participation does not achieve the degree of control over localaffairs. However, as the impact of the social status of scholars, rich civil in general will followlater scholars to take part in public welfare undertakings.At the long-run perspective, from the Tang Dynasty to the Ming and Qing dynasties, thelocal power in Jiangnan region (by Long River) the region to its south’s participation in publicwelfare undertakes some obvious changes, except the religious power. The late Tang is mainlyordinary people, landowners, the Southern Song Dynasty is the noble scholars and the richcivil, Ming and Qing Dynasties is the gentry and the rich civil. Northern Song and the YuanDynasty is the transition period.Eight hundred years lay the foundation for the Southern Song intelligent group (noblescholars) outside the government participating in the implementation of local public welfare.However, the implementation of public welfare undertakings reveals significant uncertainty,with little systematic design. Therefore, from the Southern Song Dynasty to the Qing, with thechanges government administrative capacity, mainly influenced by the local financial strengthof the, it played the ancient version of the civil develop, government retreat and civil retreat,government develop in the field of public welfare.