| The improvement of people’s livelihood, the eternal theme of social development, is an inexhaustible source of advancement of human beings and an important symbol of social progress.The principle of people’s livelihood forms an important part in the treasure-house of human thought and plays an important role in guiding the improvement of people’s welfare. The principle of people’s livelihood as advocated by socialism (hereinafter shortened as PLS) and that by capitalism (hereinafter shortened as PLC) are the historical outcome of the progress of mankind. Therefore, a comparative study of them will not only have important theoretical value but also operation significance. On one hand, such a study will help to enrich the connotation of the principle, broaden the view of this research and deepen people’s understanding of this topic; on the other hand, it will also contributes to our successful learning of the related experience or lessons drawn by countries all over the world and help us to have a better understanding of the general law involved in this issue, so that we could do more good to the Chinese people and the people all over the world.This dissertation includes an introduction and four chapters.The introduction analyzes the reasons for the choice of this topic, indicating the importance, necessity and urgency of solving, studying and making a comparative study on the livelihood issues mainly from theory to practice, from history to reality, from the world’s situation to national situation.It Clarifies the significance of the topic explains the importance and the actuality of the topic from the three aspects:the theoretical significance practical significance, and academic significance. The research review was conducted to reveal the major problems in the present study.illustrates the originality and the breakthroughs of the study from both the national research situation and the overseas research situation. From the fundamental approach on research to basic approach on research, it put forward the major method of research which on one hand,sticks to the research method of Marxist dialectical materialism and historical materialism and on the other hand, combines the quantitative methods, the method of comparative analysis, multidisciplinary approach together.Chapter one is literature review. It focuses on the concept and characteristics of the issues of livelihood, It made a clarification of livelihood views at home and abroad.Livelihood issues not only include livelihood and peoples living and also political demand, cultural demand and the spiritual demand, and includes the value of life, the value of health and the value of respect. It has the features of times, dynamics, hierarchy, universality. The thoughts on livelihood refers to the views to improve the people’s livelihood in human society,it has the features of historicality, particularity, class nature, sociality. The overseas thoughts on livelihood have been developing layer by layer from charity thought, to social relief thinking, to insurance thought,to security thoughts, to social welfare thinking.The thoughts on livelihood in China developed from the thought of protecting the people through the worship the god in western zhou dynasty,to the thought of the people are more important than the ruler in Warring States Period, the thought of putting the people as the first in han dynasty, the thought of people can overthrow the regime in tang dynasty, Principle of Social Well-being of Sunzhongshan,people oriented thoughts of CPC. Thoughts on livelihood have a long history and are always endless.Chapter two deal with the principle of PLC. First, it illustrates the emergence and development of the principle of PLC. The producing environment was analyzed from the economic, political, idealistic and technical. And the development context was hackled from the bud, formation, development and maturity processing. Second, the theoretical basis of the principle of PLC was analyzed. It is from the ancient charity and poor-caring thought in western society in bud processing, based on government intervention theory in German new historical school in formatting step, supported by Keynesian theory of effective demand in developing step, based on the welfare state theory of livelihood security in the mature step. Third, it summarizes the main content of the principle of PLC. It concludes protecting the civil right, emphasizing the social insurance, caring social assistance, and stressing social benefits. Fourth, the concentration of the principle of PLC was expressed. The principle of PLC improves the related livelihood protection, consolidate the state power which preserve the governmental profits, covers exploitation essence of capitalism, simultaneously expresses why the capitalism cares livelihood and capitalistic livelihood development. Fifth, it analyzed the influence of the principle of PLC. It assuages the conflicts between employers and employees, pushes forward the developing of social security, maintains the governing of the capitalist class and influents the socialism and its principle on people’s livelihood.Chapter three, firstly, it describes the emergence and development of the principle of PLS. the article analyzes the conditions for innovation of principle of PLS from the aspects of economy, politics, thinking and practice. It sorts out the historical sequence of development from the aspects of the initial stage.coming into being, progressing and maturation. Secondly it analyzed theoretical basis of the principle of PLS. Fantastic the principle of PLS is the source of the principle of PLS. Marxist thoughts on the people’s livelihood are the theoretical basis of the development of the principle of PLS. The Chinese traditional thoughts on the people’s livelihood are the important source of the principle of PLS with Chinese characteristics. the principle of PLS develop the useful and discard the useless part in The Chinese traditional thoughts on the people’s livelihood and the principle of PLC. thirdly,it summarizes the key contents of the principle of PLS including to value the importance of people, attach importance to survival security, emphasizes fairness and justice and the overall development of human, shows the essence of the principle of PLS the premise is the people are the masters, the purpose is for the interests of people, the soul is the people oriented, the fifth, it analyzed the influences of the principle of PLS, which include improving the lives of the people and consolidating the socialist system, affecting the development of capitalism.Chapter four chapter is to maks a comparison between principle of PLS and that of PLC, and summarizes the inspiration from the comparison. Throughout the principle of PLS and the principle of PLC development process, there are similarities and differences between the ideas of socialism and capitalism. The similarities include the necessity of stabilizing the regime, dealing with issues based on domestic situation, corresponding with the demand of social development, and improving people’s living conditions. The differences between socialism and capitalism include:backgrounds, ideas, ways and purposes of dealing with issues. The ideas of socialistic people’s livelihood are scientific, while the ones of capitalism have limitations in terms of theories, purpose, practice, and implementation of improving the productive forces in a faster pace. However, the problems in the development of socialistic people’s livelihood cannot be ignored and the successful experience accumulated from the practice of capitalistic people’s livelihood affords us lessons that merit attention. To summarize the development of socialistic and capitalistic people’s livelihood, the principles of solving the problems in social people’s livelihood include:institutionalization, legal guarantee, governmental adjustment and control, social equity, cooperative development, and combination between theory and domestic reality. |
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