Study Of Hayek's Justice From The Marxism Thought

Since ancient times, people have been pursuing the virtue of justice diligently. From the construction process of the international situation and national modernization, people thirst for fairness and justice more than ever. The eighteenth Party Congress Report pointed out clearly: We must maintain social fairness and justice. Xi Jinping, the president of PRC also points out that all Chinese people "have opportunity to enjoy their wonderful life, and to make their dreams come true, and to enjoy their growing up and progress together with the motherland and the times", It clearly expresses that people of the whole country appeal to social justice strongly.Austrian economic and social philosopher,1974Nobel laureate in Economic, Friedrich August von Hayek as the most important representative figure of western liberalism spent his life in defending the freedom of individual, advocating the spontaneous order and the constitutional democracy, and opposing to state intervention and government function expansion. Based on the "limited rationality", Hayek constructed "negative conception of justice" by criticizing "social justice" concept, which is in opposite of rationalism liberalism’s positive conception of justice. And Hayek renewed the negative nature and personal attributes of justice. Researching on Hayek’s justice thought is not only beneficial for us to grasp the theoretical essence and class limitations of liberalism justice, and also helps us to deepen the understanding and study of Marx’s justice thought. It can also enrich and develop ideological justice in contemporary China, and help us to explore the new path and new channels of Chinese justice and global jusuce.Study on Hayek’s justice thought in this paper except the introduction and conclusion, is divided into six chapters.The first chapter mainly states three questions:origin, theoretical origin and forming process of Hayek’s justice thought. The paper points out that the emergence and development of Hayek’s justice thought is the reflection of historical experience, and the product of the development of the times. From the theoretical origin, Austria school, British classical liberalism and Kant’s doctrine play a vital role in the formation and development of Hayek’s justice thought. Hayek’s idea of justice experienced a sprout, formation, development to mature process. The formation and development of Hayek’s justice thought is closely related with the reflection of socialist system and welfare capitalism. It is also deeply embedded in the view of knowledge, the view of freedom and order thought.The second chapter mainly discusses the premise of Hayek’s justice thought. Hayek’s justice thought is completely inherited the traditional moral philosophy of Scotland. It’s the typical representative of the Anglo-American tradition of empiricism, Hayek’s justice thought is based on limited rationality, methodological individualism and spontaneous order. Hayek illustrates the idea of justice by criticizing the "social justice"."By divorcing the concept of justice from’social justice’, original meaning of justice is to be returned. We should use rules and principles of private social and involuntary arbitrariness of government’s limited power to save this notion of justice "Hayek focuses on unreal and malpractice of the "social justice" in modern society by analyzing the root of presupposition and presupposition and hazard of the "social justice".The third chapter discusses the basic connotation of Hayek’s justice thought, focusing on analyzing and clarifying the essence of Hayek’s justice thought. With the clearly interpretation of the text, Hayek thinks that justice is an attribute of human behavior, and it always means a person or persons should or should not take some actions; justice is a kind of rules of human behavior, it always admit rules of just conduct; justice is a kind of order of human action. Spontaneous order is an inevitable result of people obeying the rules of just conduct. At the same time, Hayek thinks that there is huge tension between justice and positive freedom, equality and infinite democracy; justice means negative of positive freedom, equality and infinite democracy.The fourth chapter discusses the result of Hayek’s justice thought. This chapter analyzes the reason why Hayek strongly criticizes "social justice", and perseveres in a denial of justice; his ultimate aim is to defend negative freedom, the internal rules, the maintenance of order and constitutional spontaneous. As a libertarian, Hayek thinks that the most valuable value is freedom; the internal rules, the spontaneous order and the constitutionalism are the guarantee of freedom.The fifth chapter is to criticize Hayek’s justice thought from Marx perspective. It focuses on the analysis and discussion of the main content of Marx’s justice concept and the limitations of Hayek’s justice thought in Marx’s view. From the development of domestic and international situation, it is clearly pointed out that the research on Marx’s idea of justice becomes a hot issue of the theoretical circle. This chapter describes the core idea of Marx’s concept of justice from it’s logical starting point, the development process and the main content. From the view of Marx’s concept of justice, this chapter clearly points out that Hayek’s justice thought is a kind of abstract, non-historical, super class’s view of justice. Hayek one-sidedly stresses on the market logic; his formal justice has the very strong fraudulence; his pursuit of value has great limitations.The sixth chapter focuses on the dilemma and inspiration of Hayek’s justice thought, and gives it an objective analysis and evaluation. We can further deepen our understanding of Hayek’s idea of justice by elaborating justice thought of Western schools, and by analyzing and criticizing Hayek’s justice thought from different perspectives. By analyzing and researching on the practice results of Hayek’s justice thought, we can clearly point out that Hayek’s idea of justice is not flawless, and even part of the content is worth alerting for us. Finally, this chapter analyses the theoretical implications of Hayek’s justice thought and focuses on examining his thought in Chinese circumstances. On one hand, we can find that Hayek’s justice thought make us soberly aware:we must pay attention to the importance of knowledge in social allocation process, and pay more attention to research; we must attach importance to the rule of law in the social distribution; at the same time, we can achieve social justice by paying attention to procedural justice and result justice, and using comprehensive utilization methods. We can learn and draw lessons from Hayek’s justice thought, but simply copy is not feasible. In the construction of socialist justice view of China, we must analyze and research on the justice of contemporary China and seek the truth from facts; justice view of China must be based on the practice of socialist modernizaiion construction and China’s national conditions; Chinese characteristic socialist concept of justice must be constructed with the thought of Marx’s justice as the guidance.