Research On The Right-oriented Transformation Of Chinese Rural Power Structure

As the core of the rural politics, rural power structure has undergone a continuous process of change along with the development of times. From the traditional rural “double track politics” to the single country leadership of new China, from the two-center rural governance structure to the formation of multiple power subject and the transformation of power structure diversification, rural power structure has changed several times. There is a complex game and a repeatedly adjustment between power and right behind the changing process of rural power structure. In fact, since the farmers are at a long-term disadvantage position, the game of rural power structure has always been imbalanced. With the introduction of democratic system and the corresponding vibration of power field, the rural power subject, exercise logic and value orientation give rise to a series of complex, new and slow transformation. The painful process of transformation to democracy has significant effect on farmers’ rights. The farmers in this process experienced a deep ablution from the consciousness to behavior. Their rights consciousness is awaken gradually, and they began to release their pent-up rights. On the other hand, the protection form the power is severely deficient, even directly acts as the subjects which injures the farmers’ rights sometimes, especially in the special period of transition of rural society and interest differentiation.The logical starting point for the construction of a modern state is the civil rights, which is a symbol of the human civilization. Specifically, the realization of rights is an important source of the legitimacy of modern countries. The modern state gives the citizen legal rights, and provides them institutional channels to realize and maintain rights. There is an intensive interaction between the poverty of farmers’ rights and the distortions of rural power structure because of the special tension between right and power. To solve the dilemma encountered while realizing the farmers’ rights and to promote the effective connection between power structure and farmers’ rights, the key points lie with the interaction of various factors of rural power structure and the democratic reconstruction of the power structure.This paper takes the relations of “state-society” as the analysis frame, and the interaction of rural power structure and farmers’ rights as the theoretical basic. It puts farmers’ rights into the macro background of modern state construction, investigating the influence of dynamic power factors that inspects the farmers’ rights and the real path of the right turn of power structure. This paper attempts to answer three basic questions:the interactive logic of state power, rural authority and famers’ rights in the change of rural power structure; the inner relation between the rural power structure and the realization of famers’ rights; the point to break the dilemma of realization of famers’ rights under the horizons of power structure. Based on this, the paper can be divided into seven sections. The part of introduction consists of the origin and significance of the research, research ideas and method, literature review, innovation and shortage, aimed to show the reasons why to select this subject and the overall research design. Chapter 1 backtracks the evolution of rural power structure, mainly shows a complex game picture of rural power field after 1949. In accordance with the time, this paper divides this period of history into three stages: early years of the new nation, after the villager autonomy and the stage of deepening reform. Chapter 2 analyzes the mutual logic of rural power structure politically. We find three main variables of rural power structure: the power of the state, rural authority and farmers’ rights. This part examines the action logic of these three variables in rural society, and divides the rural power structure into exogenous type, endogenous type and relatively balanced type. Chapter 3 analyses the internal relation between the evolution of rural power structure and the realization of farmers’ rights from the perspective of theory. The evolution of rural power structure is due to repeatedly game of state power and farmers’ rights. This interactive inner association becomes the logical foundation to build balanced relationship of power and right. Chapter 4 combines with the background of construction of the modern state to study and discuss the structural dilemma of realization of contemporary farmers’ rights deeply from the perspective of the power structure. Through the investigation of non equilibrium game of state power and rural endogenous autonomous power, the paper analyzes the factors which restrict the two forces’ effective connection. Chapter 5 discusses the path to build a relatively balanced power structure in order to provide a rational choice for getting out of the predicament of realization of farmers’ rights. It is also the purport of this paper. This part takes the redistribution of power resources and the power game of multiple subjects as research approach to further clarify the boundary of power and responsibility of the transverse and longitudinal power subject, trying to establish the relatively balanced power structure which points to the right. The part of conclusion summarizes briefly the research content and the main conclusions, and put forward the corresponding countermeasures. The results show that the relationship of power, authority and rights affects the change of rural power structure and equalization degree. The poverty of famers’ rights is largely due to the unbalanced rural power structure. The construction of relative balanced power strcture which points to right not only need the help of external force, but also the growing of rural endogeous strength. In the interaction of internal and external factors, the rural power structure could complete the transformation to the right, providing structural safeguard for the famers’ rights.