The Study On Participation Of Civil Charity Organization In Orphaned Poor Child Charity Assistance

The Chinese government has always attached great importance to the rescue workof the orphaned poor children．From the beginning of the Xizhou Dynasty, thegovernment saved the children’s salvation into the national policy to beimplemented． Social assistance orphaned poor child as a national policy, initiallyprimary in order to save the population and to enhance national strength．From thehistory of our orphaned poor children’s social assistance we can be see that, thegovernment plays an important role in basic, critical and dominant in the orphanedpoor children’s salvation．From the Song Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, inorder to relieve the problem of folk custom of infanticide, maintain the values ofConfucian and stabilize the social order, folk gentleman took an active participate inthe infant raising business, the salvation and the protection of the orphaned poorchildren showing a cooperation between the government and the people or the patternthat running by the local people in government supervising．In the history of theorphaned poor children’s assistance in ancient China, career of helping orphanswas subordinated into the social security system to be implemented as a policy, thecivil charity organizations took participate in the work of rescuing and protectingorphaned and impoverished children as a facilitator role of．After the founding of newChina, the state in the process of building the socialist welfare system, established theleading role of the government in the area of rescuing the orphaned poor child, thespace of the civil charity organizations participation in the salvage was seriouslyextrusion; until twentieth Century at the end of the80’s and early90’s, theimplementation of the “project hope” has once again aroused the enthusiasm for the orphaned poor child care business． In the context that the social charity careerreceived more recognition and attention gradually by the party and government, thefolk children’s charity won the development opportunity again．In the current management system of the civil organizations, the governmentsupervise and administrate civil charity organizations through the control of legallegitimacy resources．Civil charities such as the civil orphanages in the process ofcommunal living support poor orphans, as their facilities and professional maintenanceability is difficult to meet the government to the standard requirement of running bythe local child welfare agencies, have difficulty to be successfully registered and obtainlegal identity to survive from its inception．Civil charities are closed to the grassrootsand civil society．So they can timely succour poor children, without social security,win the government’s tacit based on its career legitimacy in a certain period oftime． Civil charities in order to obtain the resources needed to survive, in the processof growth and development, rooted in the construction of social legitimacy．Ascultivating distinctive charity culture and charity credit system, they obtain publicsupport and recognition．Lack the legitimacy of law, however, makes the civil charitiesin the process of survival cannot enjoy series of preferential policies．They had to savemanpower cost and weaken the organization culture to gain the legality of theadministrative, objectively made a negative effect on the orphaned poor childmaintenance quality．Based on the folk charity organization and their solitary practiceactivity as the research object，under the theoretical framework of “state－society”，around the problem of the legal construction in the process of the living developmentof the folk charity organization, this text analyses the folk charity organization’ssurvival predicament and trapped strategy in the structure of the government－ledchild welfare supply under the system of dual control of the government．After thefounding of the formation of the national unified social pattern, The governmentmonopoly the supply of child welfare for a long period of time, the survival security ofthe orphaned poor children has always been the focus of the state to rescue troubledchildren．In the process of social transition from the overall society to differentiationVI society, the rescue function of the original organization carrier such as the unit and thecommunity and so on, recession weakens national level on solitary poor children insocial assistance system．In the process of social change, the survival plight of theorphaned poor children group is complicated．The basic needs, the educationaldemands and the health care needs of orphaned poor children group, become serioussocial problems increasingly, because of the national children’s welfare system is notperfect． The folk charity organizations integrate social resources based on mutualfraternal spirit of charity, rescue the orphaned poor children group timely．Civil charity organizations is hard to survive in start－up period mainly under thesupport of ideal and passion, After entering standardization development period,problems that employees lacking of professional ability and that personnel liquiditybeing larger gradually become the factors that restrict its aid quality improvement． Inthe survival state of the marginalized, the civil charity organizations in order to adaptto the government’s management system, adopted cooperation, obedience, imitationand active acceptance of government regulation strategy and survived tenaciously atthe edge of the system． After Lankao fire incident, government have a newunderstanding for civil charity activities and its social function, reshape the frameworkof ‘cooperation between the people and the officer’ in the rescue of the orphaned poorchildren and mobilize social forces to take an active part in the orphaned poorchildren’s charity relief while screening and administering the civil charityorganizations．In recent years, the important effect of the charity in social welfare supply, socialpoverty relief, and construction of spiritual civilization was paid attention to thestate． To promote the establishment of the civil charity organizations and thedevelopment of the charity activities, the central government introduces policy tooptimize the civil charity organizations’ living environment continuously． In line withthe principles of government leading and society participation, the central governmentgives the right of registration, supervision and administration authority of the charity tolocal governments．But at the same time, there is no detailed the specific measures for the cooperation between the local government and the civil charity organizations, themacroscopic policy of encouraging the development of philanthropy at the grass－roots level met difficulties in the process of implementation．On the question of localgovernment in dealing with the folk charity still cautious attitude and hesitation,objectively restricts the development of the charity．Lankao fire incident, in the case ofthe dissolution of the advice of local government, the folk charity organization adoptedaccept government rectification opinions and committed to improve professionalability to evade the government’s control． Folk charity organization and thegovernment’s fight is not a real challenge and against the government’s authority, butthe grass－roots government management mode of a challenge．This is based on thelegitimacy of folk charity organization career and social legitimacy, and increases thepower of consciousness．Civil charity survival mode is mainly under the legal crisis of legitimacy, as aresult of marginal condition, through dedicated to the cause of legitimacy and theconstruction of social legitimacy, in handling relations with the government to takecooperation, imitate, obedience and acceptance in order to obtain the tacit approval ofthe government．charity survival predicament mainly as a result of the legal crisis oflegitimacy, the main root is that the grass－roots government management concept isrelative lag, and support and collaboration of charity function is weak, charityorganization cannot take into account the organization of standardization managementand improve the quality of child care in the process of rely through one’s ownefforts, which leads to its always wandering in the edge of the legitimacy of law．In thenew framework of “cooperation of the officers and people”, the ways to dissolve thecharity organization survival plight is that local governments transform the originalmanagement idea and management pattern, from “administrative controls” to“administrative co management”, under the principle of “children first”,“childrenbenefit maximization” and “to maintain and restore charitable nature” to optimize thenational management system of social philanthropy, prompted the charityorganizations to explore the survival of their own culture, devoted to the promotion of professional ability, under the administration and assistance of the local government,reconstruction the trust and cooperation relationship in the field of social assistanceand social protection of the orphaned poor children between the officer and thepeople． Specifically, the country should from the direct administrative control of thesocial charity to indirect supervise and assist of the charitable organizationsstandardized development, promote the process of the charity children maintenancespecialized．charity itself should also change the survival and development logic, takethe initiative to strengthen communication and cooperation with the government, fromthe traditional and the ethics based “family” survival mode to standard internalgovernance structure of the modern charity organization, and enhance their awarenessof the importance of the law in the process of implementation of charitable aidbehavior, in accordance with the law to participate in orphaned poor children’s charitycause．...