| China intervened in the wave of world globalization taking the great unprecedented social practice form-socialist market economy in early1990s. The contemporary China in the trend of globalization is in a critical period of social transformation and accelerating industrial modernization. A series of deep social conflicts caused by industrial modernization and risk issues of innovation highlight in front of us. Objectively, these social conflicts and risk issues require us to make innovation of our social governance. In the Party’s third Plenary Session of the eighteen, the innovation of social governance system was put forth to ensure that people live in peace and society is in stability and good order. This fully demonstrates our party attaches great importance to social governance and its innovation issues. In a certain sense, China’s reform and development has entered new historical stage of strengthening and improving social governance to promote social development and other aspects of development. Although the party and government attach great importance to social governance innovation issues, how to carry out social governance innovation is a reality of our current problems to be solved. In recent years, social governance innovation has become a hot academic research. However, overviewing the relevant academic research, most scholars interpret Chinese social governance innovation bounded by historical, domestic horizon which is necessary, but this alone is not enough. Without taking the broad perspective of world globalization, it will be difficult to clearly understand the plight of Chinese social governance innovation in context of globalization and hard to understand their deep implication and path selection. Therefore, the interpretation of Chinese social governance innovation from a new global perspective-the theory of risk society not only is the weaknesses of domestic academic research, but also a new horizon of the research of social governance innovation. Guided by Governance methodology and taking beneficial enlightenment to our country, We should inspect this issue from the horizon of the theory of risk society and especially make a deep analysis of its causes of plight form the global risk society perspective. Thus, a new path to the current social governance innovation in our society is proposed.This dissertation consists of six parts. Introduction part describes the general situation of the dissertation. It mainly includes the proposal of the topic, its significance, literature review at home and abroad, the methods of topic research, the innovation of dissertation and its deficiencies and so on.The first chapter is the theoretical basis of the study-the combing of the Classical Marxism ideas of social governance innovation. Firstly, the thought of Marx and Engels on social governance and its implications are discussed. Combing through Marx and Engels’main thoughts of social governance ideology including "State and Society"doctrine, country critique theory, the masses creating history theory, the foreseeing thought of future communist country social governance, we can sum up the implications as follows:We should investigate the root causes of the plight of China’s social governance innovation primarily from the perspective of the relationship between state and society structures; China can get out of the plight of "centralization"and "decentralization" from the national nature; it may weaken new risks of social governance innovation from the perspective of resolving conflicts. Secondly, Lenin’s social governance ideology is sorted. The main contents include: adherence to Soviet Russia by the proletarian vanguard-the Communist Party leadership of social governance; proposal of new forms of governance in the economic sphere of Soviet Russia-"accounting and control"; politics control measures of Soviet Russian-relying on supervision by the masses; emphasis on culture governance initiatives in soviet Russia-to enhance learning. The implications Lenin thought can bring to our social governance are as follows:Social governance innovation should combine strengthening the party leadership and closing ties with the masses; it is inseparable from the dual drive of government and market;it requires conscious participation and supervision of society members; it continues to explore a variety of paths in learning. Again, an analysis of the inheritance and development of Classical Marxism ideas of social governance for contemporary Chinese Communists is made. It is embodied in that social governance innovation aims at safeguarding the interests of the people and achieving the basic value orientation of social fairness and justice; It takes upholding the people’s democratic, relying on the masses as the fundamental practice guidelines; It takes resolving conflicts of interest, the coordination of social relations as important aspects of innovation.In Chapter two,the Social Governance Innovation in China is inspected from the new horizon of the theory of global risk society. The background the theory proposed is investigated. It was proposed in late1950s when a series of crisis phenomena such as the energy crisis, resource crisis, social crisis, the ecological crisis, nuclear crisis and so on occurred. Theoretical connotations of the theory are as follows:the risks of contemporary society are artificial, manufactured from the perspective of its sources and manifestations; From the perspective of the scale, scope, extent of the risks, it is of a global nature and we are in the global risk society; From the perspective of historical changes of risks, it is a product of modernization, with the duality; From the perspective of how to deal with the risk, it shows a strong institutional tendencies and cultural reflection color. The basic features of the risk society are global, endogenous, holistic, transformative, duality and the long-termed. Theoretical connotations of the theory are as follows:the risks of contemporary society are artificial, manufactured from the perspective of its sources and manifestations; From the perspective of the scale, scope, extent of the risks, it is of a global nature and we are in the global risk society; From the perspective of historical changes of risks, it is a product of modernization, with the duality; From the perspective of how to deal with the risk, it shows a strong institutional tendencies and cultural reflection color. The basic features of risk society are global, endogenous, holistic, transformative, duality and the long-termed. The dissertation analyzes the reality of risk society. The nations in the world began a new energy research and development, scrambled for international resources, adjusted social policy, carried out environmental movement and established an international nuclear non-proliferation regime. The implications for China’s social governance innovation are to face the reality of risk, to establish a modern risk philosophy, to build a "reflexive" society, to take the initiative to resolve risks; to enhance the sense of responsibility of society members, to promote mutual trust in social governance; to actively improve community governance, to evade risk brought about by globalization.The third chapter analyzes the plight of China’s social governance innovation under the horizon of the theory of risk society. These difficulties are embodied in: First, the structural risks of social governance innovation grow and spread, mainly the high tensioned social structure, prominent social polarization, obvious unfair allocation of risk, diversification of conflicts of interest brought about by the risk, the complex nature of risks intertwined with sudden, multiple and high destructive of risks paralleling; Secondly, The "involution" phenomenon of it highlighted. By analyzing the "Internalization" concept and its application, we may find this phenomenon shows in two sides:one is fine institutions of governance, stability maintenance of tissue function, the pressure of governance officer. On the other hand is the trend of "involution" phenomenon in the public service is clear; Thirdly, liability subject of risk in it is blur and missing, mainly representing in the serious tendencies of centralized power of governance body, of personal power, of mystical authority, of arbitrary power; Fourthly, culture risks in it are emergent, mainly influenced by capitalist ideology, the feudal autocratic ideology, peasant economy ideology, commodity economy ideology; Finally, the natural ecological risks increase, embodied in energy risks highlighting, testing of resource risk, ecological environmental risks exacerbating, nuclear risks revealing.In chapter Four the root causes of our social governance innovation’s plight is analyzed on the horizon of the theory of risk society. There are five root causes of the plight:First, China’s market economy in social transition is unique and the imbalances of interests of society in transition are mostly led by economic interests; Second, the risk of social governance system is not perfect led to frequent. The existing social governance system features a unified governance body, fully-oriented governance object, deregulation of governance means and static governance mechanisms; Third, China’s social governance is influenced by double risks of development of modernization and social transformation traction. On one hand, modern "space compression" makes all kinds of risks at different periods coexist, on the other hand, rapid social transformation brings about in equalization of interests; Fourth, the consciousness of principal members of our society is weak, mainly in the sense of objects, a latent vassal consciousness, dominate consciousness; Fifth, the background of globalization and the impact of "world risk" bring more and more uncertain risks.Chapter five presents new paths of social governance innovation in China from the perspective of Risk Society Theory. One path is to reshape social governance values. Chinese characteristic social governance will gradually transform from the present type of object-oriented to people-oriented type, from the rule of man type to the rule of law type, from patriarchal society type to a democratic society type, from the administration type to socialization type. The second path is to innovate social governance philosophy. The main innovation is the establishment of a social risk management concept, the concept of responsibility, social philosophy, the concept of the rule of law, the program concept, the concept of deliberative democracy. Third, practice new type of social governance. Based on the pattern of "party leadership, government responsibility, social coordination, public participation, to protect the rule of law," the emphasis is laid on nurturing civil society and enhancing the consciousness of community members. Besides, it is necessary to inspire dynamic social organization, to make innovation of grassroots community governance system, and gradually to improve the social automatic operating mechanisms. Fourth, construct risk prevention mechanisms of social governance. Firstly, make an innovation of social risk warning mechanism and evaluation mechanisms; Secondly, improve public rights protection mechanism, strive to build a social identity mechanism, to improve the mechanism of interests expression, to deepen social pluralism bidirectional communication mechanism and to improve basic public service system; Fourth, build accountability mechanisms of social governance innovation, including innovating accountability reform mechanisms, building social governance mechanism of checks and balances, and reforming social stable development mechanisms; Finally, perfect natural ecological risk governance mechanism, further enhance the governance of ecological environmental risk, adjust energy development strategy, improve the national capital management strategy, establish nuclear security and participate in global ecological risk management actively. Fifth, protect social governance innovation in the rule and thinking of law. By analyzing the relationship between social governance and rule of law, we should correctly understand the rule of law and get out of "transformation trap", to resolve "structural tension" of law construction by adopting it. Social governance innovation and the rule of law must be carried out simultaneously. The specific path to the rule of law and innovative ways to promote social governance based on the rule of law and the rule of law and way of thinking norms of social governance decisions, the introduction of the system, the use of the rule of law to resolve social conflicts, to resolve social conflicts, in order to promote the rule of law and civilized way of governance community.In summary, guided by Marxist scientific world outlook and methodology, dialectically absorbing the experience and practice of social governance innovation from the global risk society theory horizon, this dissertation makes an investigation of "the plight and path of Chinese social governance innovation" and comes to a major conclusion that the process in which we go towards a comprehensive well-off society is a also process in which old and new risks constantly intertwine and interact.In the process of accelerating to the highly developed stage of the modernization, we have to conduct across type of development by the way of "compressed modernization" in order to catch up with the level of industrialization and modernization of hundreds of years of Western society because China is a developing country after exogenous type. It will inevitably be associated with a series of "world risk" and social transformation risk. Chinese social governance innovation contains not only a profound look at world risk society, but also a close attention to a series of social transformation risks China has undergone in the context of globalization. Although China doesn’t really get into the "high-risk society" stage, we are facing unprecedented risks and challenges and overcoming and resolving risks have become China’s most prominent social problems. Such cases show that our response is that we have to pluck courage to face these risk factors. We should not only take the risk as an important subject for thorough and systematic study, but also pay special attention to the risk problems and their solutions in real life. At the same time, We have to learn "a lesson", because after all, the modern history of the Western capitalist countries is earlier than China and they have practical experience in dealing with risks. Studying the theory of social risk doesn’t mean we say no to our characteristic socialist system and the remarkable results of modernization we have already achieved or we are alarmist, pessimistic. We are precautionary and prevent the potential morphology from turning into significant reality by enhancing awareness of risks and dealing with them. It is believed that the Chinese Communist Party may lead all society members to resolving the plight of risk successfully and walking across the stage of risk society by innovating Chinese social governance. Thus, all society members can share the results of the reform and walk towards a better and happy future society!... |
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