The Social Management’s Role Of Township Governments In Metropolis In The Transformational Period

Transformation is the most important key word which concludes the character of the economy and urban and rural development of the contemporary China society. And urbanization is the important driving force for the social transformation. In the year of 2011, China’s urbanization rate has exceeded 50 percents for the first time, which is a historic change of the social structure. Looking back on China’s urbanization, the dual system characterized by the separation of the urban and rural and the confrontation of the industry and agriculture is the most obvious trait. In the progress of the urbanization, the metropolis is playing the guiding, radiating and central role. The township of the metropolis has the character of the dual system, and is driven forcefully by the urbanization of the metropolis as well. Therefore, it has become an important field of the social study during the social transformation.Social management is defined as the activities in regulating and coordinating the development of the social organizations, social relationship, social problems and social behaviors, aiming to maintain the social order. During the transformation period when the social conflicts happens frequently, the society needs some time to adjust to the new-established social control mode and to abandon the one that established in the planned economy. At this time, the value and principle of the social system of the social relationship and social regulations are easy to be misunderstood and be in a mass. The social transformation will bring the frequent function transformation of the government. The lack of the spirit of innovation in the public administration and the tedious administrative processes have made the philosophy, the techniques and the approaches of the social management lag behind the need of social development. Therefore, the social management is always inefficient. In this context, emphasizing the study of the function of the social management and innovating the system of the social management become the important topics of the government management.The township government is the most basic level of the body of the social management. T town which is located in the Pu dong New District of Shanghai, is facing the common problems of the townships in the transformation period, and the distinctive problems as a township of a metropolis, which is the pioneer of the open and reform policy as well. The thesis will use the empirical approach on the basis of the common and distinctive characters. Following the change of the institution and the transferring of the subject and object of the social management, the author will research the actual situation and problems of the social management in order to explore its current situation, basic characters and the dilemma and explore the ways to strengthen and to innovate the social management. The author wishes to get the result combining with the theory and the practice.The thesis will analyze the actual and should-be role of the social management function in the transformation period of the township government of the metropolis.The first point is the research on the resources of the township social management of the metropolis including financial resources, human resources and information resources. The government finance, as the important lever regulating and controlling the social economy and the material base, plays the basic role in the should-be relationship between the government and the market. Human resource development has a critical influence on the government performance and effectiveness. The modernization of the government information resource management will help provide an integrative, efficient and high-quality management and service. T town has the specific advantages in these three aspects, has done some positive explorations, and also faces the similar problems and challenges as other townships.The second point is the research on the functions of the comprehensive treatment of social management carried out by the township government in the metropolis during the transformation period. To begin with, the thesis has researched the macro-background of the township government strengthening the comprehensive treatment of social management in the transformation period. Specifically, this includes the changes and challenges of the four aspects of rural social control mode, diversified and complicated social mentality caused by the diverse and changing economic and social conditions, and the process of the social transformation including the transition and reconstruction in social order. Secondly, the functional analysis of township governments’ maintaining social stability in major cities during the transition period and the comprehensive treatment of social management has been carried out according to history, current situation analysis and disposal of emergencies, combing the practice experience in T town. On the tendency for the transformation of government functions, like stability overrides everything does not mean maintenance of stability overrides everything, the thesis also made analysis and elaboration on the change from the comprehensive management of social security to the comprehensive treatment of social management.The third point is the study on the functions of developing social undertakings of township government in metropolis during the transformation period. The development of social undertakings is one branch of the development of the social management. To promote the social undertakings in rural areas, is an important task to improve our government’s social management and public service functions to coordinate the development of urban and rural economy, society and culture, and to form the new pattern of integrating the development of urban and rural economy and society. This thesis firstly studied the role of the social policy playing in social management under the conditions of market economy. The main functions of social policy are to solve social problems, to meet social needs, to safeguard citizens’basic rights and interests, to improve citizens’living standard and so on. This thesis summarized the basic characteristics of China’s social policy during the transitional period and points out that on the whole, China’s social policy still is a system with obvious differences and fragments. Based on the case study of T town, including the township governments’functions of employment security, public health,education guarantee and social security in metropolis during the transitional period, we recognize the general development of rural social undertakings in big cities still isn’t adapted to economic development, and it cannot satisfy the increasing needs of the masses and has a very big disparity to fit the perfect social service system required by building a harmonious socialist society.The forth point is the study on the functions of community management of township government in metropolis during the transformational period. The grassroots community is the starting point of innovating social management. In the process of penetrating into the grass-roots society, the national official systems not only end the tradition of village autonomy, but also gradually influence, change and control the folk informal institutions until they were totally replaced. This process has been vividly demonstrated in the township which is the basic level of China’s social system. This thesis argues that the roles of township government should be system designers, resource suppliers, interest coordinator, construction planners and project supervisors. Meanwhile the author reveals actual role of township government (especially several kinds of misconducts arising from the performance of functions which can be summed up as the offside, absence and dislocation of government) in community management system of metropolis during the transformational period. Of course, the explorations (including the management models of "town administrating community", "gridding" and so on) in practice of the district and town governments also are the important concerns and they lead to the analysis of township government’s community management mode in metropolis during the transformational period and among which the research on the governmental functions of the democracy and autonomy in rural grassroots is more important. This thesis analyzes the role of government in the democratic election of the village and township grass-roots, and points out that some difficulties still exist in the construction of rural grassroots democracy in China’s metropolis during the transformational period. As the outstanding problems reflected from the practice of community management in T town, this thesis conducts empirical research on the dilemma of the management of property and floating population about the township government in metropolis.In the combination with the first-hand material about the research of T town, analyzing the history and current situation, challenges and explorations, reality and should to be of social management functions of township governments in major cities during the transformational period from four aspects, This thesis attempts to make inductive answer of how to strengthen and innovate social management in the context of social transformation. The theoretical innovation is the basis of practical innovation. Based on the existing problems in practice and understanding of social management, this thesis proposes to establish the idea of people-oriented, service-oriented, public governance, governance according to law and the concept of equality and justice, to guide the innovation of the social management by the right concept and to promote the transformation of the government social management function at the same time. Then, based on the framework of the spirit of the Eighteenth National People’s Congress, the writer analyzes the innovation question of social management system and mechanism in metropolitan villages and towns government from the four aspects, which are the construction of cooperative social management system, sound and basic public service system, legal and normative organizational system of modern society and integrated social management system. In the end, the thesis argues that the transformation of social management function has four basic paths:firstly, from "single center" to "multi-centers", and highlights the government’s coordination and leading functions; secondly, from traditional management to modern management, and highlights government information management function; thirdly from laying particular stress on administrative means to the integrated use of a variety of means to resolve social contradictions and problems, and highlights the government’social mobilization function; fourthly from preventing and controlling management to service-oriented management, and highlights the government’s public service function.