The Research Of Chinese Peasant’s Suicide(1980-2009)

Under the perspective of social mutual-construction theory and combining the traditional suicide view between the Chinese society and western society, this study proposed "mutual-construction between structure and action" theory frame to understand the time difference and space difference of Chinese peasants’suicide. On methodology, this study selected a research path that combined the holism and individualism. On the research operation process, this study adopted a comparative method from type comparison to regional comparison that based on local society.According to the level of consanguinity strain connectivity and rule’s control degree, this study classified three kinds of society:they are united society, divided society and decentralized society. This research also distinguished three kinds of regions based on preceding classification:they are south region, north region and central region. This research classified four kinds of ideal type suicide action:they are egoism suicide, altruistic suicide, vengeful suicide and despairing suicide. This study also distinguished twelve kinds of experiential types:they are egoism suicide for shirking responsibility, egoism suicide for getting rid of pain, egoism suicide for venting one’s anger; altruistic suicide for martyrdom, altruistic suicide for undertaking responsibility, altruistic suicide for alleviating burden; vengeful suicide for punishment, vengeful suicide for threat, vengeful suicide for exculpation; despairing suicide because value not to be satisfied, despairing suicide because emotion not to be satisfied and despairing suicide because survival not to be satisfied.This research argued that the Chinese rural suicide phenomenon was characteristic of typification and regionalization.The suicide phenomenon of young people especially the young women was the most seriously in the united society in south region in Chinese rural villages, but the middlescent’s suicide was another most seriously in divided society in north region in Chinese rural villages, while the elders’suicide was most seriously in decentralized society in central region in Chinese rural villages.For the ideal types and experience types of suicide action, the research indicated that vengeful suicide was one of most seriously kinds types in the united society in south region in China, of course, the altruistic suicide also was obviously to the relative extent, what’s more, the vengeful suicide for punishment and vengeful suicide for threat were two kinds of mainly experience types in the united society in south region in China. However, in the divided society in north region in China, the distribution of ideal types and experience types of suicide action was relatively discrete, while the egoism suicide for shirking responsibility was more obviously to the relative extent, and the elders’despairing suicide because value not to be satisfied and despairing suicide because survival not to be satisfied distributed obviously as well. In the decentralized society in central region in China, egoism suicide and despairing suicide were two kinds of most obviously ideal types, among them, the egoism suicide for getting rid of pain and despairing suicide because survival not to be satisfied were two kinds of most seriously experience types.For the time difference, this research indicated that the young women’s suicide was very serious during1980s’and1990s’in the united society in south region in China, with the generally loose of consanguinity strain connectivity and rule’s control degree after2000, the suicide rate of the young women decreased significantly but the suicide rate of the elders had risen possibly. During1980s’and the prime in1990s’, the young people’s suicide was more outstanding in the divided society in north region in China, while the loose of structure in this society was more quickly than the united society in north region in China, therefore, the elders’suicide was more seriously in this society as well. However, the middlescent’s suicide rate was always more stable in the divided society in north region in China. In1980s’, the young people’s suicide was relatively outstanding, while the elder’s suicide had run out of control since1990s’in the decentralized society in central region in China. In a word, the suicide phenomenon of the three society and three regions indicated that the suicide rate of young people had decreased obviously but the elders’ suicide rate had risen quickly. Of course, both the vengeful suicide and altruistic suicide and their experience types had decreased gradually but the egoism suicide and despairing suicide and their experience types had risen gradually.When we discussed and described the typification characteristic of the Chinese peasant’s suicide, under the two more macro variables:consanguinity strain connectivity and rule’s control degree, from more relative medium level, this research discussed the productive mechanism of the young women’s vengeful suicide in the united society in south region in China through using the folk law concept. This dissertation, which applied "BenTou" but not "Living a Life of Fortune" to explain the discrete distribution characteristic of peasant’s suicide in the divided society in north region in China. To understand the mechanism of huge scale elders’ suicide, this dissertation also applied relation between generations, filial duty, market and macro institution to understand it.From type compare to region compare, this research argued that there was huge time difference and space difference of Chinese rural suicide phenomenon. The difference of time and space about the peasant’s suicide, also be the regionalization of peasant’s suicide was the production of social mutual-construction, which concluded the mutual-construction between state and society, market and society, structure and action inner the society or region. All of the mutual-construction subject were the inner mechanism that formed the typification and regionalization of Chinese peasant’s suicide.