| The education in the Late Qing and Early Republican China just located in the intersection of the merging and changing between Chinese Learning and Western Learning, New Learning and Traditional Chinese Learning. Before the appearance of new-fashioned schools, the activities of teaching are carried out in all kinds of schools controlled by state authority, private schools run by individuals and academies.In the private schools run by individuals, curricula content mainly included learning to be literate while teaching materials were traditional Chinese textbooks, such as "San Zi Jing","Bai Jia Xing" and "Qian Zi Wen". However, in schools controlled by state authority and academies, the teaching contents were almost limited to The Four Books and Five Classics resolving around Confucianism which emphasized the doctrine, textual criticism and knowledge of poetry and prose.Although names of schools and teaching objectives are different, they are subordinated to Imperial Competitive Examination. The teaching method is based on Lecture Method while Individualized Instruction is basic mode for teaching.With the appearance of new-fashioned schools, changes has taken place such as:more and more common ones are springing up, Class-based Teaching established, modern curricula system of the primary and secondary schools set up and teaching methods innovated completely. As the first professional educational journal in China, how did Education World record, research and improve the establishment and development of these initiative and innovative measures? Along with the propulsion of teaching reform, democracy, freedom and personality became the mainstream in times gradually. Meanwhile more and more educational journals emerging, such as The Education Magazine, Chung Hwa Educational Review and New Education, what roles did professional educational journals take? What effect did these ones have? What strategies did they use to promote teaching reform better and better? All of these are vital questions which this article wants to research and reply to.Except for Introduction and Summary, this article consists of six chapters.Chapter One analyzes the historical factors of educational journals emerged from the Late Qing, expounds the creating reasons, origination of Education World which is known as the first educational journal in China, scans the momentum of development among groups of educational journals in the Late Qing and Early Republican China combining three aspects:the amount, authority and categorization.The thought development generated from educational journals and the change of teaching methodology in the Late Qing and Early Republican China is discussed in details in Chapter Two. The change and development of teaching methodology are resulted from its thought motivation and theory guidance, which leads to exchanging, blending and cooperating with all kinds of ideologies. This feature is represented obviously in the period of Late Qing and Early Republican China when the transition from the old to the new educational theories and the mixture of educational trends are main characters. This chapter mainly discusses the effects and influence of educational journals in the course of teaching changing combing the research of concrete examples from some factors, such as:the spread of educational theories guided by educational journals, the development of educational trends and the changing of educational purposes.Chapter Three mainly researches the preliminary establishment of educational journals and the system of modern curricula. Curriculum is the content of teaching activities while teaching is the important method of curriculum implementation. Being based on the evolution of curricula system, this chapter concentrates on focusing and altering curricula of the primary and secondary schools with the help of educational journals, which contributes to the establishment and improvement of the system of modern curricula in Late Qing and Early Republican China.Chapter Four studies the modern transition between educational journals and textbooks. Being a carrier of teaching content, textbooks play the role of realizing train objective reflecting social ideology, ethos and the degree of scientific development. This part of the article reappears the special influence in the modern transition of textbooks under the help of educational journals in Late Qing and Early Republican China from the three views:the value choice of textbooks, compiling innovation and popularization.Chapter Five concentrates on the flourishing development of educational journals and teaching experiment. It is a unique cultural and educational landscape to launch all kinds of teaching experiment gradually in Late Qing and Early Republican China. Teaching experiment not only researches teaching methods and produces new teaching organization but also advances teaching ideas keeping up with times. Modern educational journals introduce and popularize the beginning, spreading and applying of achievements among some teaching experiments including Group Teaching, Project Method and Dalton Laboratory Plan with their distinctive views and specially disseminating platform, which makes effort to publicize and stimulate the implementation of all kinds of teaching experiment.Chapter six makes a conclusion. This part summarizes the applying strategies and role-playing of educational journals in the process of teaching transformation, and tries to comment on the unique effect of educational journals objectively and reasonably. |
PDF Full Text Request