Chinese Korean Study Of Social Adaptation Of The Floating Population

In this paper, the first part was the analysis of the status about the domestic migration and the foreign migration of the Chinese Korean population and the measurement of the social fitness of the migratory Chinese Korean population. The second part was to explore the migratory characteristics, causes and social impact of their migration. The third part was to analyse the social adaptation strategy and their individualized consequences of the migratory Chinese Korean population. Finally, the paper discussed the acculturation of the Chinese Korean population.This paper was divided into five chapters. The first chapter was the introduction, which introduces the significance of the topic, reference documentation and research method. The second chapter described the characteristics, causes and social impact about the Chinese Koreans migrating at home and abroad.The third chapter introduced the status about social adaptation of the Chinese Koreans at home and abroad summarizes four strategies of social adaptation, including education,social network, social organizations, religious. This part analysed the consequences of migratory individualization, especially the individualization of women. The fourth chapter described the learning, life, mental health, Interpersonal communication and social fitness of the stay students left-behind, and drew a conclusion that non-staying students were better than single-staying students,and single-staying students were better than double-left-behind students. The fifth chapter discussed the acculturation and the adaptation of Chinese Koreans, and in the end, made a summary and promotion according to the article.In the history, the Chinese Koreans migrated the northeast of China, forced by livelihoods, to escape from hunger, oppression, and death, because of the famine, colonial exploitation, and war. After reform and opening-up and the establishment of diplomatic ties between China and South Korea, the Chinese Korean people began to migrate from the three northeast provinces to the south and the west of shanhaiguan pass and abroad. Heilongjiang province and Jilin province were two typical outflowing area. Shandong province, Beijing, Tianjin, and Guangdong province became the typical inflowing area, that gathered a large number of Korean and Japanese enterprises, attracted a lot of Chinese Koreans to migrant for working, business, employment and education. The Chinese Koreans more engaged in the tertiary industry, focus on the wholesale, retail, lodging, catering services, whose income was slightly higher than the local average income levels. The Chinese Koreans’educational degree was very high, and especially the Chinese Korean women’s educational degree was much higher than other ethnic groups. They walked outside from the family, into the professional field, and began a massive social flow.The more Chinese Korean employment work in the small south Korean companies in the South Korea. Their work was not stable, low pay, long hours, belong to the3D work(dirty, difficult, dangerous).They were in very poor living conditions, using the labor price and exchange rate difference between China and South Korea, accumulating the part of the income,and consuming after coming back to China. They left China because of the low and unstable income, and making educational fund for their children. The lower educational degree, and older respondents tended to transnational flow; the respondents with stable work and stable income tended not to flow. The floating population tended to change their job frequently. Professional status showed obvious upward mobility, and education was the promoter for the upward mobility. There was obvious flow from the bottom to the middle. At the same time, the flow led to the "discrete" of their family.The main reasons for transnational flow were the push-pull effect caused by the pay gap between China and South Korea, aiding by intermediary institutions, South Korea’s dual labor market structure, the accumulated causal effects of Chinese Korean overseas immigrants, and constructing the global social relationship network. For the individual, to earn money, and to send children to school were the most direct driving factors. Education and consumption were two big power. The main reasons for domestic flow were the South Korean-owned enterprises locating in China, and formation of the Korean community. Highly educated Chinese Koreans took advantage of the superiority of their nationality and language to work in large and medium-sized cities, to expand a wide career development space, to earn higher income, and to construct a global network of social relationship by national factor. Social influences of flow at home and abroad were in the following respects, consumption and investment led by remittances, to carry out the agricultural intensive operation in the countryside, updating concept and market consciousness enhancement, strengthen national identity, the adaptive predicament of the left-behind old man and the left-behind children appearing, family function changing, birth rate dropping, the negative growth of population appearing, higher ageing level, seriously rural marriage squeeze, national educational crisis appearing.The Chinese Korean nationality floating population overall presented good social adaptation. The social fitness of women was better than that of men. The social fitness of workers was better than that of college students. The social fitness of people with the experience of overseas mobile was higher than that of people without it. As the growth of the age, the adaptability had been enhancing. The higher the income was, the higher the social fitness was. Liquidity would increase the uncertainty of social adaptation. The better Chinese and Korean said, the higher the social fitness was. The longer the time that lived there was, the higher the social fitness was. The Chinese Korean nationality floating population mainly faced with the pressures from work and income, including low income, fiercely working pressure and competition. The income and family relationships influenced their happiness. For the identity, their Chinese national identity was apparent, Korean ethnic identity was apparent, and South Korea cross-cultural identity also was obviously.Chinese Korean students usually applied for work-study program in a foreign country, suffering the massive pressure from life, study, and work, and having to face language barriers, and social difficulties.The Chinese Koreans as cultural marginal groups, showed obviously unity within the group, and rejection without the group, paid mainly attention to national unity on adaptive strategy. Their adaptive strategies included living in a compact community, industry clustering, weaving dense networks of social relationship by blood tie, geopolitical tie, professional tie, national tie, religious tie, peer groups’tie. They attached importance to education, religion, and the enhancement of human capital and social capital. To the individual, their modern quality with power, independent, highly ductile and fighting spirit, was the key method to adapt to the Chinese Korean society.Obvious individualization, with the following characters, such as freely flowing, freely choosing work, free consumption, responsibility for yourself, living for yourself, struggling for yourself, appeared on the Chinese Korean individuals. The individualization of Women was deeper. Women’s education, flow and work changed the social status and family status of women. They were more independent and more free, more equal to men, but also need to take more responsibilities and suffering more tribulation. Their individualization led to the consequences of two aspects:increasing in alien or transnational marriage, declining in childbearing willing and fertility, and the negative growth of population.The proportion of Chinese Korean left-behind students was very high. The number of double left-behind students was more than single left-behind students. The double left-behind students was lower than single left-behind students in learning performance, learning results and social fitness, and single left-behind students was lower than the non left-behind students. The left-behind status mainly affected the students’ interest in family and school, the degree of happiness, learning, efforts and diligence, confidence, learning attitude, learning initiative, non-good behavior habit and sense of responsibility, ability to resist setback, regular rest, mood, courage, love, honesty, anxiety, interpersonal sensitivity. Left-behind students’ character appeared on a lack of confidence, trust, security and optimism, relatively passive interpersonal communication, non-strong will to ask for help, non-close relationship with teachers. Peer groups were an important social support. The paper was recommended that one parent stayed, and the other flowed.Finally, the article discussed the acculturation and the adaptation of Chinese Koreans. The paper summed up three strategies for the cultural marginal groups’ survival:the quantity of population, the quality of population, increasing of cohesion of population, through education, fertility, social networks, social organization, and religion. The Chinese Koreans was suffering reproductive problems, but the others were doing very well.