| Since2000, Complementary and Alternative Medicine has been becoming more and more popular in western society.Complementary and Alternative Medicine is defined as those therapy which has not received any medical training or practice in American universities or hospitals that includes Chinese Traditional Medicine (acupuncture, Chinese herbs, massage,Tai Chi,Qigong),exercise therapy, nature therapy, Chiropractic therapy, mind-body therapy, magnet therapy. Chinese traditional medicine is the primary part of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (Wieland, L. S., Manheimer, E.,&Berman, B. M.2011).Cumulative evidence show that western exercise is effective to treat anxiety and depression symptom(Reed, J. and D. S,2006;Reed, J. and S. Buck,2009, Wipfli, B. M., C. D. Rethorst, et al.,2008, Bartholomew, J. B., D. Morrison, et al2005). American Psychiatric Associate suggested western exercise as potential alternative method in treating anxiety and depression,however, mindful exercise,for example Taichi, Qigong, which evolved in eastern countries is not paid too much attention in complementary and alternative medicine report (Freeman et al.,2010). According to the definition of Mind-body Fitness Committee(1997-2001), mindful exercise adds mindfulness to traditional exercise,which focuses the ideas inside of its body. Whether such a special type of exercise can be recommended as the treatment to anxiety and depression is still under explored.In the perspective of clinical neuropsychology, anxiety,depression are accompanied by emotional responsiveness dysfunction (Leppanen, Jukka M,2006; Ladouceur, Cecile D Dahl,et al2005),which is important index of brain emotional process maladaptation and key mechanism of mood disorders(Kring, A. M., M. Germans Gard, et al.2012, Davidson,1998).If dependent evidence show the effectiveness of mindful exercise in treating mood disorders like depression, anxiety, it is followed that mindful exercise can modulate the emotional responsiveness. It is ashamed that rare articles reported the studies to explore mindful exercise mechanism of mood modulation from the angle of emotional responsiveness.Here we employed two studies. One study we will use meta analysis to generalize the effect size of Tai chi and Qigong on depression and anxiety,based on the randomized control trail. One objective is to provide scientific evidence for Tai chi and Qigong to treat anxiety and depression in clinical practice, the other is to make fundamental evidence to support to the second study. In second study, we will accord to the direction of emotion motivation theory and exercise psychological theory, choose Tai chi,Qigong,Yoga etc. as the representation of mindful exercise,use acoustic eyeblink startle, orbicularis oculi, corrugator, zygomatic electromyograhy EMG and self assessment manikin scores as the indexes of emotional responsiveness, to explore the effects of mindful exercise on the indexes suggested as above under the different emotional pictures stimulus. And try to compare the effect of self selected cycling to above indexes as well as possible neuro mechanism.The results we reached as following:(1) Both Tai Chi and Qigong had potentially meaningful effects on depression and anxiety symptoms. Tai Chi training reduced depression by a heterogeneous mean effect size0.36(95%CI,0.19-0.53, p<0.01); reductions were larger in participants having elevated symptoms at baseline. Studies with blinded allocation of participants had smaller effects (p<0.01). The homogeneous mean effect of Qigong on depression was0.38(95%CI=0.25,0.51, p<0.01).(2) The heterogeneous mean effect of Tai Chi on anxiety was0.34(95%CI=0.02,0.66, p<0.05). Effects were larger when participants were Asian and smaller when they were older (p<0.01). The heterogeneous mean effect of Qigong on anxiety wasâ–³=0.72(95%CI=0.4,1.03, p<0.01). Moderator analysis showed that effects were inversely related to age and positively related to session duration and weekly frequency of sessions.(3) Different types of pictures have significant effects on SAM arousal and valence scores. Mindful exercise have significant modulate effect on SAM arousal score, which decreased significantly after immediate mindful exercise,what is more this effect is superior to self selected cycling,but there is no effect of mindful exercise on SAM valence score.(4) Compared with the pre mindful exercise, state anxiety was significantlydecrease in post and pot-20min mindful exercise,ant the same time, the amplitude of eyeblink startle in post mindful exercise is significantly decreased, and the decrease of anxiety is positively corelated with the decrease of amplitude of eyeblink startle. Different type of pictures have significant effects on amplitude of eyeblink startle,but mindful exercise has no effect on amplitude of eyeblink startle under different pictures stimulus.(5) Compared with pre mindful exercise, the corrugator EMG was significantly decreased and also corelated with the decrease of sate anxiety. However there is no effect on zygomatic EMG. Different type of pictures have significant effects on corrugator and zygomatic EMG, but mindful exercise has no effects on corrugator and zygomatic EMG under different types of pictures stimulus.Conclusion:(1) The evidence tentatively supports that the practice of Tai chi or Qigong is accompanied by small-to-moderately sized antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. However, more studies of high methodological rigor are needed to discount sources of design and sampling bias and provide stronger tests of whether effects differ according to participant characteristics and Tai Chi or Qigong exposure(2) Brian appetitive and withdrawal neuro system have stable responses under different types of emotional pictures stimulus, mindful exercise has no effects on emotional responsiveness under different pictures stimulus, but the anxiolytic effects of mindful exercise may realized through peripheral mechanism of general arousal reduction. |
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