Effect Of Different Specific Speed Endurance Taining Methods On Exercising Capacity Of Elite Cyclist

Objectives In order to improve the specific speed endurance, the track-sprinted group of Shanghai cycling team organized the targeted specific training for twelve weeks during the winter training of 2012. The main content was about the specific repeated speed-endurance training on track in the first stage of six weeks, but the sprint interval training(SIT) on cycle ergometer in the second stage. The paper compare the differences of training load when athletes complete the different training sessions. We also investigate the effect of two training stages on anaerobic and aerobic metabolic capacity of track-sprinted cyclists. Methods 14 Elite male track-sprinted cyclists were separated into the constant riding number group(CG) and the decreased riding number group(DG) with the paired design. Both groups performed the routine training(NT) for six week, then SIT was executed in the following six weeks. Two sessions of repeated track speed-endurance training in a week were replaced by SIT on ergometer. Twelve sessions of SIT were completed in all. One track session included four sets of 750 m riding with flying start, but SIT session was twenty riding on Wattbike ergometer totally. The riding number of CG group was constant(5-5-5-5) and DG group was decreased(8-6-4-2). The riding and intermittent time of SIT were 20 s and 10 s respectively and cadence should keep 115 rpm above. There is thirty minutes recovery between two sets of track and SIT. The air brake gear was increased one level after 4-week’s SIT. The repeated sprint test(RST) and simulated one kilometer time trial(1kmTT) were performed before and after NT period, and after four and six weeks’ SIT. Blood gas analysis was also performed at five and ten minute after 1kmTT. The graded exercise stress test(GXT) were performed before and after NT, and after 6-Week’s SIT respectively. The kinematic parameters of one SIT session were analyzed by one way ANOVA between two groups. Two way(training programs and weeks) ANOVA for repeated measures was used to test the changes of aerobic and anaerobic exercise capacity, blood gas. If there was no interaction between two factors, one way ANOVA was applied to compare the differences between the time points. Otherwise one way ANOVA was used to test the differences between two groups further. The delta value was analyzed statistically by Wilcoxon nonparametric tests. The alpha level was set to 0.05. Results(1)The total time of riding with sub-maximum intensity in one session of SIT was 2.2 times as much as the repeated track speed-endurance training. The riding Pmean of DG in the last three sets of SIT session was higher than CG. Pmean-4group and Wtotal-4group of DG were also higher than CG by 28.3% and 15.6% respectively(P<0.05).(2)Compared with the test before NT, both group’s PPmean and TW in RST increased obviously, and Wdec of CG and DG decreased by 12.2% and 14.6% in the mean time. The concentration of potassium([K+]) in plasma at the end of RST declined apparently(P<0.05).(3)Two groups’ Pmax in the 1kmTT didn’t change, but only Pmean of DG increased 6.1%(P<0.05). Both group’s RBLa improved apparently, and DG was higher than CG by 31.9%. Finally, only DG’s T1000 m improved about 3.3%(P<0.05). In the 1kmTT after 4-week’s SIT, both group’s BLa at the 5th minute after 1kmTT improved a little. βtotal and βB of two groups all improved and r value reduced apparently, DG’ βB was higher than CG by 18.9%(P<0.05). After the SIT of last two weeks, both group’s βB declined apparently and had no change with NT before, but βtotal and r value didn’t change further.(4)Compared with the test before NT, only O2 pulsepeak of DG increased by 15.5% obviously after 6-week’s SIT. peakOVR2&-, VT1 and VT2 of both group improved significantly, but VT2 of DG was higher than CG by 3.7%(P<0.05). The BLa-Load curve of both group moved towards right apparently, DG’s curve had a big move between the load of 170 W and 290 W. BLa-R3 min of CG and DG increased by 9.8% and 20.5% respectively, and both group’s Pmax-GXT and Tmax improved significantly after SIT(P<0.05). Conclusions(1)Athletes can complete more training volume in one session of SIT than repeated track speed-endurance training. In a SIT session, the riding with number decreased program can reach the higher intensity and volume than the number constant program.(2)The anaerobic and aerobic exercising capacity didn’t improve significantly after the repeated track speed-endurance training for six weeks. On the contrary, 4-week’s training with SIT may improve the maintenance of riding power output in RST and 1kmTT. The increased transportation capacity of potassium and lactate in blood may be one of the influencing factors. 6-week’s training with SIT can increase the peak oxygen uptake and the aerobic metabolic ratio during GXT.(3)The SIT of riding number decreased program should be more effective than constant to improve the peak power in RST, power resistance in 1kmTT, and aerobic metabolic ratio during riding with the intensity above the anaerobic threshold.