| The research purpose and meaning: modern functional fitness training emphasis on proprioception under the plane, multiple joints, all-round complete Kinematic chain of sports training.Used in correct operation mode, based on the neural activation and the regeneration and core stability, through training, balance training, suspension vibration training and other means, the speed, strength, flexibility, power, endurance, to improve quality, up to the level of the special needs or help enhance professional technical ability.The current understanding of functional physical training, especially the complete kinematic chain, majority is the description of the conceptual and fragmentation of the records, such as the weak link, stable motion compensation, training, etc., the lack of comb to the internal relations of these problems and in-depth analysis, there is no systematic research. This study based on the muscle chain model in the field of rehabilitation, combined with training in the field of action research methods, the study of human movement chain system, trying to find and establish conforms to the modern functional fitness training, strength training, flexibility quality training model and the method of training for the complete kinematic chain theory and the practice suggestion is put forward.The research object and methods: in this study to research the structure of human body kinematic chain function training model.Test object basically is the Beijing judo team, Beijing team 13 secondary and above for athletes, through the design of nine different kinematic chain action of strength, speed, such as testing, test methods and action of the reliability and validity, comparative literature and experiment is feasible after testing.The main research methods including literature, survey method, mathematical statistics and logical analysis.Measurement method is used for the test object is mainly by BTE Primus strength testing system of isotonic mode "force- speed" mode for testing.And determine three load test(2 kg, 5 kg, 8 kg) of nine action: the upper chain, half-length, bareheaded, chain, chain, chain of straight arm in arm, arm straight bust chain, straight arm body chain, core spinning and core buckling, lower limbs stretching.And nine action link at the end of the power, speed, and action by three data as the primary index, and can be a primary index to calculate the secondary indexes, including actions under three different load power(power) rate of change, speed rate ratio, upper limbs, trunk rotation chain contribution ratio and lower limbs, bust chain chain contribution rate, etc.Core stability test with isometric core muscle strength testing method(Mc Gill, core strength test method), mainly includes the content of the three tests: core isometric flexor muscle endurance test, core isometric extensor endurance test and left and right side of the bridge on both sides isometric strength test.Electrical test with made in Italy BTS Free300EMG32 channel wireless methods of all 22 muscles testing to the human body.Evaluation indicators include muscle activation sequence, working duration and the contribution of root mean square RMS.Using SPSS20.0 statistical package for statistical data processing and analysis, with the average mean ± standard deviation to describe the data, P ﹤ 0.05, paired T test, multiple factor correlation analysis and other statistical methods, to deal with the related data, find out the correlation between relevant factors and analyzed.In Excel2007 establish different database respectively, and using Excel2007 math functions for parsing and processing data.Results: 1. The kinematic chain link at the end of the power, in 2 kg to 5 kg load changes, the situation changes between each chain independent sample T test, upper limb between chain and bust chain has significant difference(P = 0.024, P < 0.05), bust between chain and systemic chain very significant difference(P = 0.005, P < 0.01);In 5 kg to 8 kg load changes, changes to the chain between the independent sample T test, there was no significant difference between upper chain and bust chain(P = 0.063, P > 0.063), bust chain and chain is very significant difference(P = 0.000, P < 0.01).2. The kinematic chain link at the end of the movement speed, in low and middle load changes and high load changes, upper limb chain and chain bust has significant change(P = 0.037, P < 0.05), there is no significant difference between systemic chain(P = 0.859, P > 0.859).And the end of the link speed with load increase rate tends to slow down, in the chain of upper limbs and bust in the chain, as with the increase of load performance, the movement velocity decreased with increasing trend;This phenomenon is not obvious and systemic chain.When the load is fixed, with the increase of motion link, variations in the speed of the end of the kinematic chain link between there is a significant difference(P < 0.01).Increase of motion link in increasing trend was accelerated with the increase of the speed.From the perspective of a link on the load response, when involved in kinematic chain link phase at the same time, the speed of the end of the chain link to load the response was not significant(P > 0.05).3. The end of the kinematic chain link movement range is related to the size of the load, the end of the link movement range decreased with the increase of the load.Under the same load movement link to increase the influence of, can see clearly, movement range has a tendency to increase with the increase of motion link.4. In all test movement, muscle activity sequence and duration and contribution rate of the test load and different postures. In upper extremity dominant action, with the increase of kinematic chain, namely the increase of the movement link, the proportion of chain of upper limb muscles contribution rate falling; Contribution rate of core chain in the chain of a bust action has the highest percentage of test, the lowest contribution during general chain action test, And contribution rate of the lower extremities chain presents the ratio increases with the increase of exercise session, and test action in the whole chain of contribution rate increased substantially.Conclusion: 1. This study proposed "core+", " +core" and systemic diagonal three strength training structure model and the forward and reverse two flexible quality training structure model.Proposed in strength and flexibility quality training at the same time, pay close attention to the basic mechanism of respiration(PRM) consistency, and should follow the four principles of training.2. The kinematic chain of body is based by joints, bones, muscles, tendons, myofascial body structure, with tensegrity structure as the basic working principle of the concrete manifestation of a systemic mechanics structure.Strength in the process of transmission, there are three possible mechanisms to achieve strength increase, one is macro and micro tensegrity structured conduction, achieve a balanced power systemic homoeostasis.The second is "Stretch- Shortening Cycle "(SSC)contraction, implements the muscles in the form of centrifugal and centripetal work efficient connection, and realize the reinforcing effect.Three are tension in myofascial tissue to keep and increase, has realized the muscles of the third kind of working form, the increasing of isometric contraction force value, namely, resolved by the agonist and antagonist muscle, muscle power transmission and transformation between the synergist.3. To the whole body kinematic chain is divided into three Sub-chain: upper chain, core chain and lower limb, the joint(shoulder and hip) and its fluctuation is prone to weak link joints and muscles. The weak chain form has two kinds: structure trigger function of weak links and weak link chain.4. The end link of power, speed and movement range and basic relations of the kinematic chain and exercise load following Hill equation of force- speed equation of the relationship. Load cases, power, speed and movements are showed with the increase of the number of kinematic chain link increasing trend. In the number of kinematic chain link to participate in sports, power increase with the increase of the load, speed and the amplitude of action.5. The activities of the human body muscle is systemic, Muscle activation condition affected by posture and load. Upper limb dominant action, the torso and lower limb muscle to as powerful muscles, the more the end link of power, the greater the speed and movement range. |
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