Order And Standard Seeking—Research On The American College And University Survey (1908-1943)

Late 19th and early 20th century, with the rapid expansion of the scale of the American University, the university management issues in the curriculum, organization, finance, education, etc. have become increasingly prominent, the University of increasingly severe financial forms. In order to obtain funds, university campus by expanding constantly, add services, etc. to attract students, free competition will inevitably bring about chaos and disorder in the higher education system, the lack of quality assurance system, there were no a standardized management. How effective university? With the strengthening of social ties with the university, the American public university efficiency proposed strict accountability. In response to social accountability, the United States began to investigate the efficiency of the core of the movement. Scientific management, by way of functional design and standards brought to maximize efficiency, as it successfully used in industrial and commercial enterprises also contributed to the scientific management approach is gradually entering the academic world. Whether the chaos and disorder of higher education can be solved by means of scientific management. Based on scientific management theory basis, by means of educational measurement, statistics and other ways the United States conducted a large-scale nationwide survey of sports.Investigation begins with "efficiency" as the center of a comprehensive survey of Oberlin College in 1908; the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and the federal Department of Education to promote the development of advancing the investigation, preliminary investigation established the original standard and basic pattern; state government, religious institutions, individual associations, institutes are starting to try to conduct independent investigations, and comprehensively promote the progress of the investigation. By 1915, the program is essentially based on the survey states. From 1915, the survey showed on sports institutions continued high state and entered a period of vigorous development in the twenties and thirties, said Tai Teluo 1908 to 1943 as "the era of the investigation." Investigation of both form massive national survey, there are systematic investigation of the state, as well as comprehensive and thorough self-investigation, investigation institutions to flourish, can be said to be "on the Renaissance educational administration."Based on the standard order and the angle of the investigation by state level institutions attempt to provide a scientific basis for the investigation to establish systematic management mode, to resolve the contradictions and conflicts between the phenomenon of the state institutions, strengthening contacts and exchanges, to achieve coordinated development; provided by the internal organization of the University of investigations for the formation of the university organization standards and functions of the data management support to strengthen ties and exchange board of directors, committees, between the University administration, in a clear division of responsibilities clear, based on the formation of a systematic management, to ensure that the ideal of college through different departments together to achieve; standardization management, Flexner medical education accreditation survey open a precedent, to become one of the scientific investigation institutions standard certification program. University minimum school standards and prompted investigations failed institutions closed, improve the quality of education; teacher survey is trying to ensure the academic freedom of teachers from the perspective of institutional reform.Investigation sports institutions to promote the standardization of the University, in order to provide the basis for the certification body standards, but also become one of the scientific investigation institutions means the accreditation process, and promote the certification management; survey institutions also led the University management from traditional to modern established institutional research office to collect process information, providing information consultation for the president, state and federal; survey institutions is one of the performance of university autonomy, and promote the self-improvement of university development; in addition, a survey also promote university a series of changes in curriculum and teaching management, student management.