| Since 1995, there is a decline in the enrollment of kindergartens and a decrease in the amount of children in kindergarten in China’s preschool education, which does not exist in the next ten years. The phenomena of the difficulty in admission to the kindergarten and high fees charged for admission gradually show up and become the focus of the society. However there is no fundamental resolution to it till now. This becomes the urgent priority field of preschool education in our country. Perceived at a superficial level, those phenomena mentioned above stem from the ineffective and unsatisfied demand of the public for the supply of the quantity and quality of the product of preschool education, and the level of the equilibrium between supply and demand. Perceived at a profound level, being in short supply, reflected by those phenomena, lies in that the macroscopic institutional environment and the supply system of preschool education in recent two decades are obviously not in accordance with the economic development and the change in the world system of preschool education, which leads to the situation that the supply system of preschool education is in short supply. With the fast economic development in 30 years after the reform and opening up, those people in the well-to-do society require the greater amount and the higher quality of preschool education. Fast urbanization process and weakening in the disadvantaged areas, such as rural areas, make people have a strong desire to advance the public supply for preschool education. They ask for fair public supply of preschool education and the balance accordingly. However, till now, inconspicuous publicity of preschool education, weak domination of the government, the imperfection in the public system greatly restrict the efficient supply of preschool education, and the improvement of the supply system of preschool education is badly in need.Based on the guidance of the problem, from perspective of the theory of the equilibrium between supply and demand, with the public product theory and the theory of scientific development, this essay plays emphases on how to promote the equilibrium between supply and demand to a higher degree by optimizing supply system of preschool education.According to the literature review on the shift, characteristics and regulations of the institutional change of international preschool education, the essays analyzes and reveals that the institutional change of preschool education in the world has experienced four periods:the period of the vacancy in supply system, the emergence of public supply system, the system increase stage of market orientated supply and the strengthening of the system supplied by the government; There is a tendency in characteristics in worldwide preschool education. That is, every country pays more attention to legislation and the plan, intensifies the public supply system and focuses on democratization of developing, improvement on the quality of care and education services, the teaching staff construction and the enhancement of the popularity. With the development of the society, the nature of world preschool education changes from private products which are independent supplied by private to public products of the institutional supply. The dominate part of the government in the supply of preschool education grows out of nothing and changes from weak to strong. There are some differences in the institutional changes of many country. With the deep analysis, it is shown that the economic development, the development of the society, the cultural evolution and perfection of the public institution are the decisive factors in the institutional change of preschool education, which reinforce constant response of the supply to the requirement of the increase in the supply system of preschool education in order to promote the equilibrium level between supply and demand in the supply system of preschool education spiral, promote the equilibrium level between supply and demand of preschool education products also spiral.The investigation of institutional development of preschool education in China reveals that it has undergone two main stages:the modern stage and the contemporary stage. With the economic and social development, the institutional development of preschool education in China has some characteristics:the increasing systematic and scientific supply system, and greatly being influenced by the macroscopic institutional environment. The public product attribute of our country’s preschool education enhances which supply dominated by government and institutionalized. At present, there is a great demand for preschool education which is in short supply. The phenomena of the difficulty in admission to the kindergarten and high fees charged for admission are prominent. The direct reason for those is the insufficient financial expenditure and inequality in the financial distribution of preschool education. The supply is not adequate to the demand for preschool education, and the level of the equilibrium between supply and demand is not high enough. However, perceived at a profound level, the reason is the insufficient supply of the supply system preschool education. Meanwhile, effectiveness of the supply system of preschool education is affected by the choice of individual subjects. The fundamental factor lies in different stages of economic development, hysteresis of social development, the conditionality of unhealthy culture and the imperfection in the public institution. According to the surveys of the preschool education supply condition and the demand of the supply system in Y city in south of Sichuan area, the essay reveals that it is the short supply in the production of preschool education and in the supply system of preschool education is common all over the country.With the data comparison and the mathematical analysis, the author finds that the development and changes in the supply system of preschool education indeed have a significant effect on its scale of supply. With the cluster analysis on the rate of financial investment of preschool education in all provinces and cities in 2012, the paper figures out that the supply institution of preschool education in some provinces and cities indeed do not pace with the macroscopic institutional environment, which intensifies the shortage of the supply of the product of preschool education.Based on this, in order to solve the difficulty in enrollment and high charges in China, it should be set continuously enhance the public product attributes as the foundation and under the improvement of macroscopic institutional environment. It’s better to actively reform educational supply system of preschool education and innovate accordingly, push it to systematic optimization and promote a higher level of the equilibrium between supply and demand. It shows that it’s necessary to comply with the development of international preschool educational supply system and the fixed direction of the social and economic transformation process, and keep pace with it. The innovative reform on the supply system of preschool education guided by this idea should aim at the systematic enhancement of preschool education. As to the arrangement of preschool educational supply system, it’s better to improve the public nature of preschool education, perfect the public supply system, reinforce the public responsibility and dominance of the government. Perfecting the system of the institutional supply dominated by the government ensure that the public supply is mainly used to guarantee the basic supply, reinforce the popularity, make up for the weakness and be more equitable and keep balance and harmony, as well as to guide and standardize the market supply. Taken on the basis of optimizing focus the supply system of preschool education, the essay puts forward to the frame system of the supply system of preschool education and designs a frame system with 3 levels:legal institutions, development program and management system. |
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