The Research On The China’s Competitive Sports

By means of the theory of institution and institution change of the new institutional economics, applying the methods of document literature, logic analysis, comparative analysis, and case analysis, this paper studies the reason, process, and style of China’s comparative sports from the stage of the reform and open till now, the following conclusions are drawn.1, The reason of the institution change of China’s competitive sports lies in mainly three factors:The first is the adjustment of the development goal of China’s competitive sports, the second is the benefit game among different benefit groups in China’s competitive sports, the third is the non-balanced condition which should occur but not occur.2.There exist three stages to the institution change in Chinas’s competitive sports from reform and open:The first stage (1978-1992) was to re-construct the institution and directed mainly by the country. The result of the change was the rapid increase of competitive level, and the consolidation in the rights of leadership of the former state sports commission. Meanwhile, the goal of "competitive sports socialization" was forgotten. The second stage (1992-2000) was to improve competitive sports marching to the’marketization’. The result of the institution change was also the rapid increase of competitive level, but "association substantiation" was not realized, and the "competitive sports professionalization" did not achieve intended effect. The third stage (2002 up to now) was to uphold and improve whole-nation system. The result was the perfect accomplishment of Beijing Olympic Games, but the set-up of the competitive sports institution conformed to the socialist market economy system did not make great progress.3. From the scope of the institution change of China’s competitive sports, it is partial institution change; from the speed perspective, it is gradual institution change; from the main body, perspective, it is imposed institution change. In the process of the institution change, not only exist the "path dependence" on the whole-nation system, but also exist the "path dependence" in the "association substantiation" and "competitive sports professionalization". The cause in dependence consists:the influence of the notion of "the gold medal first"; the standing up for the vested interests from relative units; the conflict between formal institutions and informal institutions in China’s competitive sports.Based on above conclusion, this paper presents following advice:1. The goal mode of China’s competitive sports institution innovation should be a conjunction institution in which both country and society administrate competitive sports, and the former’s main function is to make policy, coordinate, and monitor competitive sports activities by macro-management, and the latter, in the meanwhile, is to do specific operations in the competitive sports affairs on the micro-level.2. The organization innovation of China’s competitive sports institution is to construct a social organization system parallel to the government system, and the two lines management then shape.3. The style innovation of China’s competitive sports institution should to be a conjunction style involving central government imposed propelling, gradual improving on the whole, and partial radical reforming three styles to make China’s competitive sports realize the transformation from the type of the government to the conjunction type including government and social organization.4. The content innovation of China’s competitive sports institution lies in mainly three aspects:Firstly, construct multi-element training system; secondly, construct multi-element competition system; thirdly, continue perfecting security system about athletes.