The Diagnosis And Evaluation Of Physical Training For Elite Taekwondo Athletes In Our Country

Research in the physical training of taekwondo in our country is not much theoretically or practically, nor is the research deep nor systematic, which only focuses on the the pysical quality without further investigation in the characteristics of physical training of taekwondo. Attending the physical training of national taekwondo team before the Beijing Olympics at Beijing Sport University and Hanjiashu national team training base in Tianjin, I took all the athletes in training as my research object, employed such methods as laboratory testing, field testing, etc, and studied the diagnoses and evaluations of physical training of elite taekwondo athletes of our country.The research mainly focuses on the key links during the process of taekwondo athletes physical training instead of rigidly sticking to its specific measures and methods. The research is consisted of the following parts:the basic train of thought on physical traning of the elite taekwondo athletes in our country; the building and application of the quality of taekwondo; the characteristics of the change in physical function of the athletes in training and in contest; major exertion muscles in key technical actions as well as the exertion order and its strength; the proportion of flexor muscle group of hip joint and knee joint to their extensor muscle group at the same side and that of the muscle force of the homonyous muscle group at different sides; the training and quantization evaluation of the footwork of taekwondo athletes. The accomplishment of the research may provide an important referrence for choosing physical training for taekwondo, evaluating the effect, preventing sports hurts and making effective training plans, etc. Conclusions of the research are as follows:1. Basic thoughts on the physical training of taekwondo athletes are the way muscle functions in technical actions, the way of energy supply in contests, characteristics of kick technique, footwork, and punch technique, and injury prevention. 2. Take-off deflexion run,12min run, half squat, power clean, sit and reach, front support push-and-pull ball, power index of take-off reaction, fast curl-up are basic qualities for taekwondo athletes. Emphasis should be put on individualization and dynamic evaluation in the premier diagnosis and staged analysis.3. Main muscles involved in the key technique actions of taekwondo athletes are gluteus maximus, erector spinae, quadriceps femoris, hamsrings, gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, which are exerted in an explosive way, while other muscle groups are exerted in a continuous way. Different muscle groups are different in their way of exertion.4. The average proportion of flexor muscle group to extensor muscle group is 55%-60% when the knee joint of taekwondo athletes moves at a low speed of 60°/s; while the index reaches 68%-78% at a fast speed of 240°/s. The average proportion of flexor muscle group to extensor muscle group is 55%-60% when the hip joint of athletes moves at 60°/s; while the index reaches 50%-78% at a fast speed of 240°/s; the average proportion of muscle force of muscle group at different sides is 95%-100% for both hip joint and knee joint. The diagnosis of muscle force is an important way to prevent muscle injury.5. Footwork is the prerequisite of flexibly applying the taekwondo tactics. Through training on the agility training machine of taekwondo footwork, athletes can enhance their flexible coordination ability, shorten the reaction time to pilot signal and increase their speed of action and technical ability of action.