Research On Physical Fitness Training Of Chinese Elite Open Class Male Rowing Athletes

Rowing is defined as a physical fitness item, which holds the principle of aerobic energy supply and emphasizes the physical strength endurance. The physical level of athletes, to a great degree, restricts the level of their competitive ability. Compared with the athletes in the rowing powers of Europe and America, the overall level of China male rowers is not high enough and thus less competitive. Although there are various causes for this gap, there is no doubt that improving the fitness level of our male rowers is essential to tapping the sports potential, as well as improving their competitive ability and sports performance.In the present study, based on the theories of Sports Training, Sport Physiology, Biomechanics and other basic knowledge, the item characteristics of Rowing are systematically elaborated so as to offer the theoretical basis for various theoretical and practical problems in rowing physical training. Further, through building up the evaluation and diagnosis system for the special physical abilities of the open class elite male rowing athletes, from a quantitative point of view, for a deeper understanding of the special physical characteristics of rowing and the law of development, this study aims to privide the decision support for the coaches and researchers developing the best physical training program. Finally, with the physical training of open class male athletes in the National Rowing Team as the research basis, by summing up the usual physical training methods and means of the elite rowers of our country, this research intends to find out the shortcomings in the common methods, then draw ideas from the latest theories and physical training methods, so as to propose the improving suggestions and training programs. Therefore, this study has important reference value and practical significance for the promotion of the development of China's Rowing sport and improvement of the level of male rowers'physical fitness.This dissertation applies the research methods including literature data method, questionnaire, test method, observation, logic analysis and mathematical statistics. Through research and discussion, the following conclusions can be generated:1. Rowing sport is a specific project with high requirements for both physical fitness and skill. From the perspective of energy supply, the aerobic energy capacity plays the decisive role; from the perspective of muscle strength, strength endurance is the key; from a technical perspective, the good physical paddle skill can help save physical strength; from a tactical perspective, the rational physical distribution strategy can give full play to its own advantages; and from the psychological perspective, the physical and mental fatigue resistance ability can maximize the mobilization of the rowers' physical potential.2. The study has screened seven items reflecting three indicators of our country's open class elite male rowing athletes' physical ability level, the descending order of weight can be shown as: 6,000-meter egometer score, thigh circumference, hemoglobin, heart rate anaerobic threshold, 20 seconds dynamometer pull distance, breathing difference and body fat %.3. Applying radar analysis, this study has diagnosed the individual situation of the open class excellent male rowing athletes' physical ability level, thus, the advantages and disadvantages indicators of the three index for each athelete's special physical ability have been generated. Besides, applying target challenge model, the study has diagnosed the development gap for the three index of our country's open class excellent male rowing athletes' physical ability level. The research holds that there is no consistency between the seven indexes, relative to the gap coefficient of the target challenge model and the weighted order. Rather, the smaller weight index shows the tendency of bigger gap.4. Aerobic endurance training is the core of rowing physical training. In our country, the annual endurance training of male rowing athletes is arranged according to aerobic training, aerobic - anaerobic mixed training, speed training, which is progressed by steps, presenting a "pyramid mode" pattern.5. Strength training plays an important security role in achieving outstanding performance for rowing athletes. At present, in our country, the annual onshore barbells strength training model is adopted for the male rowing athletes. Two problems should be addressed: one is the specificity of the onshore barbell strength training; the other is the conversion of onshore and water strength.6. Core strength training has an important function on improving the skill level of rowing athletes, as well as reducing the waist sports injuries and improving their sports achievements. In view of the present situation of the lack of core strength training in our national rowing team, a set of training program is designed so as to improve the athletes'core strength level. The whole training process can be described as: to maintain the training under stable conditions, and then through a gradual transition, maintain the training under unstable conditions, after that, carry out the empty-handed training under unstable conditions, the highest degree of difficulty lies in the various limbs resistance training under unstable conditions.