| The Chinese social and economic development has entered into a historical stage that industrialization and urbanization develop rapidly. Rural labor flowing into towns is an inevitable trend. According to China economic growth and macro stabilization group’s prediction, urbanization rate will reach 67.81% in 2030. On the basis of 46.6% urbanization rate in China in 2009, we will improve urbanization level of nearly 1 percent each year. That is to say, nearly 14 million people will be flowing into cities each year. The task that rural labor force transfer to non-agricultural industries is still arduous. In China, the educational level of rural labor is relatively low in the west. It is below the national average and the eastern region. Most of them do not have opportunities of vocational education or training. The employability skill for those that are engaged in non-farm work is relatively low. Therefore, they’re doing the hardest and dirtiest work in cities while their income is far lower than that of the urban population. A big difference from the urban population exsits in many respects such as housing, social security and so on. They are exclusively called "peasant workers". Huge population of rural labor transfer has become one of the focus problems from the governments at all levels to ordinary people in our country. According to the world historical development of nations in the world, rural labor will gradually blend in the city accompanying a country’s modernization. They will become urban residents. From national macro level, how to properly deal with the issue of rural labor transfer, their education degree and technical level improvement along with their social productivity promotion and how to help them transfer favorably into citizen is the responsibility of governments at all levels. In temrs of microcosmic level, the individual rural labor force that will be transferred and has been transferred must master employability skills in non-agricultural industries. Only in this way can they smoothly transfer to urban residents. Thus, vocational education, to a large extent, is tackling the problem of rural labor transfer with its unique education target and forms.Based on the background above, this paper will explore the contribution of vocational education to the western rural labor transfer. It is expected that a decision-making reference can be provided for the governments at all levels by addressing the supply and demand’s status of vocational education in the western rural labor transfer, so that governments can play the role in vocational education and rural labor transfer sectors.1. Content of ResearchThis dissertation is on the research of vocational education contribution to rural labor transfer. The main research content includes:First, the theory analysis on vocational education and rural labor transfer. Through defining vocational education concepts and connotations, the thesis discusses the utility of vocational education to job growth. It further explains the mechanism of vocational education contribution to rural labor transfer from both macro and micro level. Finally, it deeply analyzes the impacts of vocational education contribution to rural labor transfer.Second, the empirical analysis on vocational education and training contribution to western rural labor transfer based on the empirical data from the macroscopic level. To start with, testing the contribution degree of vocational education and training’s government investment in western rural economic volume growth via Fiedler’s two-department model,which is indirectly reflect the contribution of vocational education and training in the western rural labor transfer. Afterwards, examining whether there is Granger causality between the scale of vocational education in the western region and the scale of rural labor transfer using the Granger causality to determine whether it is the Granger reason of the scale of rural labor transfer.Third, the empirical analysis on vocational education and training contribution to western rural labor transfer based on the survey data from the microcosmic level. Using the method of questionnaire to obtain the basic situation of data about transfer labor individuals, vocational education and training participation and employment situation, the cognition and evaluation to vocational education, etc.. Then using descriptive statistics and comparative analysis method to reflect the difference of whether receiving vocational education and training or not in transferring labor’s employment and income, etc.. On this basis, using Ranis—Fei model to measure out contribution degree of vocational education and training to transfer labor’s income difference. Finally, using Logit model, to test impacts that transfer labor receives vocational education and training.Fourth, comprehensive investigation on the supply and demand’s status of vocational education and training in the western region under the perspective of rural labor transfer. Firstly, explaining the particularity of rural labor transfer in the western region from the perspective of constraints of non-farm employment of rural labor in the western region. Based on it. analyzing the demand on vocational education and training when rural labor transfers in the western region. Secondly, analyzing respectively the current situation of supply of higher vocational education, vocational education and vocational training in detail through comprehensive understanding of the changes in the history of the supply of vocational education and training in China. Finally, dissecting the coordination of supply and demand of the professional education in the western region to point out the problems and the reasons existing in the process of professional education and training’s supply and demand in western region.Ⅱ. Main Conclusions1. As an education that can provide necessary knowledge and skills for students who will be engaged in a job occupation or productive labor through a series of educational modes, such as vocational entry qualification education, laborers’ job-transfer training, rural labor training, the professional skills training and upgrade and new farmers education training, vocational education plays an important role in promoting China’s employment growth.This chapter explains the mechanism of vocational education in rural labor transfer contribution from both the macro and micro levels. In terms of macroscopic level, the industrial structure adjustment in our country needs to be adapted. A large scale of professional degree education, vocational skills upgrading training need to be supplied to new rural workers and to transferring labors. Therefore, to some degree, the structural imbalances of labor market should be eased. Carrying out vocational education at various levels has improved the overall quality of the rural labor, and it has remarkable effect on easing and dissolving social contradictions during the transformation process. To rural labor individuals, professional education has improved their education degree, helped them obtain non-agricultural employment qualification. Training the on-the-job workers’professional skill can maintain their employment status in the city and increase their income. Vocational education and training helps to improve the comprehensive quality of rural migrant workers and help them blend in city’s life gradually. It is worth noting that so many factors can influence the strength of vocational education in rural labor transfer contribution to different degrees, such as the supply of jobs because of macro economic growth and industrial structure adjustment, relevant national system, vocational education’s scale and the quality, willness and costs that rural labor individual receives vocational education and so on.2. As far as macro level concerned, the development of vocational education and training in the western areas has contributed significantly to rural labor transfer. The increase of the input in vocational education and training can play a multiply role in overall outcome of rural economy. The scale of vocational education and training is Granger reason of rural labor transfer.According to estimation results of Fiedler’s two-department model, if the input of vocational education and the training adds by 1%, the total of rural economic output in the western will increase by 4.654%. Vocational education plays an obvious role in promoting and increasing the total of rural economic volume. This effect includes the difference of the relative productivity between departments, as well as the overflowing effects of vocational education. Spillover effect estimation shows vocational education output (E) increases by 1%. ignoring the changes of other factors, non-league education department will increase by 0.431%. The result of estimation in relative productivity difference of west vocational education department tells us vocational education department’s productivity lower than non-league, and it exists a large difference between them. According to the test results of Granger causality test model, the scale of the western regions’ vocational education and rural labor transfer is mutually Granger causality, but there still exists some instability. It mainly represents Granger reason that certain instability exists in rural labor transfer scale in econometrics sense. The changes of number of rural labor transfer need to lag certain period so that they can impact vocational education scale.3. With regard to micro level, vocational education and training also contributes a lot to employment and income in the western rural labor transfer. Transfer labor who has obtained formal vocational education and training is superior to others in all aspects of jobs in various degrees. Vocational education and training, to some extent, can explain transfer labor’s income difference.Through a descriptive statistics and comparative analysis on the data from the questionnaire, we can see transfer labor who has accepted formal vocational education and training is superior to others in employment integral status in different degrees, such as employment stability, employment time, employment conditions, employment security and employment income and so on. The result of Ranis—Fei decomposition model also shows whether to accept vocational education and training or not, to some extent, can explain the income difference of transfer labor. It can explain wage gap in 2.65%. in this study survey. It stands No.4 in all selected factors, only after seniority, education degree and posts of the informant. It is also an important factor that transfer labor income difference is formed.4. Under the established current development level and conditions of education and training in western’areas, transfer labor willingness to accept vocational education and training is mainly influenced by individuals’basic circumstances and their cognitive levels.According to the verification results from Logit model, western rural transfer labor willingness to accept vocational education and training is mainly affected by gender, age,record of formal schooling, the job seniority, marriage and family status, income, how hard the difficulities they encounter when they seek occupational education, as well as evaluation factors of vocational education and training services. Among them, the age,the job seniority, marriage and family situation, how hard the barriers they encounter when they seek occupational education, as well as evaluation factors of vocational education and training services are inversely related to transfer labor’s intention of accepting vocational education and the training. And gender, education and income are positively related to transfer labor’s intention of accepting vocational education and the training labor intention. Of course, these factors simply have regular significant impact upon transfer labor whether one accepts formal vocational education and the training or not under the current education and training of professional development level and conditions in western region.5. The supply does not match well with the demand of the western regions’ vocational training in the field of rural labor transfer. Overall, the supply of western vocational education and training cannot meet the needs of rural labor transfer. Professional curriculum set-up in professional education and training and the students recruitment cannot keep up the pace with labour demand change trend neither.According to thorough analysis of supply and demand of professional education and training in western regions in terms of rural labor transfer and its total numbers, although governments and departments at all levels are strengthening vocational education and training, increasing the input, and the number of vocational schools and training services in the western area is also on the steady increasement, vocational training has developed, they still can’t meet the needs of rural labor transfer to vocational education. The gap of demand and supply in vocational education and training is still large. Judging from professional structure, shortage of labor force in some industries in the countryside still exists. Professional curriculum set-up in professional education and training and the students recruitment cannot keep up the pace with labour demand change trend. From the supply level of vocational education, the supply ratio from vocational training, secondary vocational education, higher vocational education is imbalance. The higher vocational education development process relatively goes slowly.Ⅲ. The Possible InnovationThe innovation of this dissertation mostly embody in research techniques. This thesis comprehensively analyzed contribution of vocational education and training to the western rural labor transfer from the macro and micro levels. Existing documents related in China mostly refer to only one level, either to analyze contribution of education to economic growth from the aggregate level, or to explore contribution of education to personnal income from the reason of income disparities. This dissertation combines these two levels, which is more systematic.On macro level, this thesis introduced Fiedler’s two-department model into vocational education department, to indirectly reflecting contribution of vocational education and training to western rural labor transfer via calculating contribution of investing in vocational education to rural economic aggregate, then by Granger causality tests model for vocational education and training has been in the rural labor force transferred from the western region has conducted based on experience of the data. On micro level, the author of the dissertation measured the contribution degree of vocational education and training in transfer labor’s income differences with Ranis—Fei decomposition on the basis of statistical analysis. This dissertation tested the affecting factors about transfer labor who accepts professional education and training through the Logit model. Because the author of the thesis introduced transfer labor’s cognition on vocational education and training into the model, which makes the conclusion more persuasive. |
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