Study On Operating Mechanism Of Agriculture And Water Infrastructure

"Three Rural Issues" is the most important issue that has troubled China’s economic development, impeded China’s comprehensive strength taking off rapidly. Although the Government has taken a number of measures that have achieved some results, the backward rural areas of production and lifestyle is far from fundamentally change. Around the development of agricultural production, raising the comprehensive agricultural production capacity and improving farmers living standards, strengthening our new building of rural infrastructure to improve the lack and weak status quo of rural construction is the core content of China’s new rural construction and fundamental issue over all. The building of rural infrastructure construction is of great practical significance for speeding up the construction of rural and urban economic convergence, and solving the "three rural" fundamentally.Although China’s total water resources is rich, ranking sixth in the world, China has a large population, the per capita water resources less than a quarter of the world’s per capita water resources.15provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) of water resources per capita is less than2,000cubic meters of serious water shortage, and five provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) of water resources per capita is less than1,000cubic meters of the minimum conditions for survival in China. With urban and industrial expansion, the growth of population, shortage of water resources has become an important factor that restricting economic development and people’s lives improvement.China is a monsoon climate, resulting in frequent floods and droughts alternating disaster situation. The difference is the disparity between the number of water resources, South of the Yangtze River basin, the country’s total arable land of38%,70%of the nation’s water resources.While the north of Yellow River, Huaihe River, Liaohe River, the Haihe River, which rely on9%of the fresh water resources to supply42percent of the arable land.China has carried out an unprecedented scale agriculture and irrigation infrastructure construction since1949. Irrigated area from1949to15.93million hectares in1995expanded to94.97million hectares for the development of agricultural irrigation water. These tremendous achievements create the conditions that protect China’s rapid economic development and the agricultural community for long-term stability. However, due to various reasons, the development model of agriculture and irrigation infrastructure failed to establish a sound operational mechanism so far. Many agriculture and irrigation infrastructure construction is of poor quality, incomplete facilities, and the efficiency of irrigation water is not high, a serious waste of water. In recent years, the development of rural public infrastructure investment is of a general downward trend. Especially rural tax-for-fee reform has gradually abolish the "two jobs", the masses of peasants vote with their labor was a significant decrease which resulting channel leakage, erosion and deposition and aging facilities, the irrigation area is continuously shrinking.Given this situation, in this paper, irrigation infrastructure in Linyi City, Shandong Province is as an example. Combining the method of standardized analysis and empirical analysis, through quantitative and qualitative research, this paper analysis the impact of efficiency that is affected by the property rights, the organization, the price of water and provide the empirical basis for reform. According to the purpose of the study, the paper proposes the establishment of assumptions and the corresponding theoretical framework.In order to achieve research goal, in the Shandong Province Linyi city, the author has carried on the agricultural water supply unit and the master unit level investigation, the village group level peasant household investigation and the branch canal water consumption and the charge situation investigation. In the Datianzhuang Town of Linyi Fei County, the author paid great attention to inspect the influence caused by marketability degree enhanced on the cooperation behavior of water used peasant household Cooperative organization. In Junan County, the author chooses the agricultural water conservation infrastructure in steep mountain reservoir irrigation area as the investigation object, regarding water conservation infrastructure movement condition, after steep mountain reservoir pilot main channel’s trend, to the organization system and the irrigation price, the water rights system’s attention according to the author, in the irrigation company and under the villages and towns concerned personnel’s assistance, selects six villages and towns to take the sample villages and towns stochastically, distinguished in the sample villages and towns to choose two sample villages stochastically, carried on the related thorough peasant household to investigate. The author has also carried on the corresponding interview with staves in Linyi Water conservancy bureau, the Junan County water conservancy bureau, the Junan County bureau of agriculture, the Junan County steep mountain reservoir administrative office and steep hill Irrigation Company.Flows the degree aggravating along with countryside opening degree’s enlargement with the peasant household, the village no longer is in the situation which seals up completely, Through the village community’s overall benefit and peasant household’s personal interest joins in together, by complementarily system supplies participation community water supply environment government, through fruits market trade fair this platform, The Datianzhuang Town successfully realized being loaf villagers’pursuit in view of irrigation gambling, causing the triggering agriculture water association’s penalty into one kind threat to be possible to believe, causing the peasant household to transfer cooperation gambling from non-cooperation gambling. Thus avoided the irrigation system falling into the convict difficult position and has safeguarded irrigation system’s effective movement.The incentive mechanism of the double game between the manager of Steep Hill irrigation company and superior department in charge of water led to water supply organizations only pay responsible for higher-level organization in charge, rather than irrigation farmers. Power to appoint and dismiss the manager is an administrative authority, rather than the logic of capital-based owner of power. In the absence of supervision and restraint of competition, as well as constraints, resulting in damage to agriculture and water infrastructure, such as the aging problem.Research shows that the scarcity of water resources, income levels, size of the irrigation area, as well as technological progress, market-oriented factors have an impact on the maintenance of water facilities between farmers. The paper analysis the improvement of collection rate for water and improvement of the delivery of irrigation water quality since the reform of organization. The paper put forward ideas such as putting the interests of rural communities as a whole and the individual interests of the farmers together to complement each other to participate in community water supply system and through government intervention to improve the organization of agricultural infrastructure. Whether the consumption of providing irrigation water can be obtained full amount, promptly and balanced often decide the operating efficiency of agriculture water conservation infrastructure. This paper takes the main crops winter wheat in steep hill irrigation area as an example, through investigates and studies on the spot and the questionnaire survey gain correlation data. The paper analysis the cost of operation and the complete cost of the steep mountain irrigation company, the payment wish of water used peasant household as well as the inferential reasoning saving irrigation water price. The author thought the present steep mountain irrigation area irrigation price is somewhat low, the excessively low irrigation price causes the saving water investment cost to surpass the saving water income greatly, guiding the peasant household to improve the backward irrigation way with difficulty, promoting agriculture water conservancy facilities effective movement with difficulty. The author believes that the price should be enhanced suitably in the payment wish of water used peasant household and the sole charge way should be changed and the fluctuation price according to the season should be implemented.The research indicated that enhancing the price has promote slightly to save water, but has the powerful saving water drive with difficulty in the steep hill irrigation area. Therefore, besides enhances the price suitably, carries on the system innovation fuzzily in view of the irrigation water rights, implement water used system of rating, truly entrusts with the steep hill irrigation area various branch canals water used association or the peasant household certain water volume water right according to many year crops’ irrigation water used fixed quantity. The implementation of the transaction water rights system and the realization of water rights flowing and the transfer, the use water association and the peasant household can gain saves after the irrigation water sell. The association or peasant household’s saving water enthusiasm is highest and the use efficiency of irrigates water is also highest, the irrigation water volume must be smaller than in other situation, the frugal irrigation water also is most and is also biggest to the saving water facility investment, which effectively promote the water conservancy facilities movement.Overall, from the three aspects:the main service running, running clients, as well as the inter-relationship between the two, the study empirically answer the impact reasons behind the system that affected steep Reservoir agriculture and irrigation infrastructure’s operational efficiency, which basically proved the theoretical assumptions. The conclusion of the study showed that main reasons affected agricultural water conservancy facilities operating system inefficient are that the existing operational mechanism of agriculture water infrastructure cannot achieve incentive compatibility and decentralized decision-making.this paper give corresponding recommendations to Optimize the operational mechanism:change the company’s dominant position, converge different incentive and restrictive, relax irrigation game of incentive and restriction, raise the price of water appropriately, clear water rights and implement tradable water rights system.