The Research Of Achieve Paths Of Appropriately Scaled Modern Agriculture In Coastal Areas

Agriculture is the basis for the development of national economy, thedevelopment of the appropriately scaled modern agriculture is an effective way toimprove the efficiency of agricultural output, to achieve the sustainable developmentof agriculture, and to protect the foundational position of agriculture. Thepeasant-households differentiation in coastal areas is universality, continuity, anddynamic, so it’s resulting in the small-scale decentralized management, theincreasing of part-time agricultural operation, and the decrease agricultural operatoris more severe. In the time, the peasant-households differentiation result in theconfiguration structure changing of agriculture elements, such as labor force, landsand so on, so it’s also create the conditions for the appropriately scaled modernagriculture. Faced with the challenges and opportunities of the appropriately scaledmodern agriculture in the background of peasant-households differentiation, how tocombine the agricultural development conditions and the peasant-householdsdifferentiation characteristics of the coastal areas and to explore more effectiveachieve paths of appropriately scaled modern agriculture is the focus of this study.On the basis of the interpretation of appropriately scaled modern agriculturetheoretical framework and its’ achieve paths, according to the analysis of necessity,advantages and challenges of the appropriately scaled modern agriculture in coastalareas, especially the influences on the appropriately scaled modern agricultureachieve paths of heterogeneity farmers’ behavioral characteristics that result from thepeasant-households differentiation. In the framework of cost-benefit analysis, thepaper constructed a decision-making function of farmers participated, and use thehousehold survey data of coastal areas, the paper test the difference of theheterogeneity farmers involved in different implementation path and its influencingfactors, and explore its policy implications. The main conclusion as follows:The core of the appropriately scaled modern agriculture is to adjust the scale ofoperation, optimizing agricultural production factor allocation structure, and enhancethe efficiency of elements and output level of return. The physical-level scaleoperational efficiency of the appropriately scaled modern agriculture comes from theobject expand and efficiency enhances, so it’s depends on the paths of landconcentration and social services. The value-level scale operational efficiency comesfrom the scale to bring down production costs and output value of the gains. The physical-level scale operational efficiency, so it’s depends on the paths ofco-operative operation. The key element of these three kinds of path is to choose theright participant who participated in the path, and then create efficient cooperationenvironment that matching its demand characteristics and influencing factors.Although the modern agricultural development is significantly effectiveness inthe coastal areas, However, in the views of improving agricultural production andmanagement system, to improve the efficiency of the agricultural elements of theoutput, to improve farmers agricultural income levels, and optimizing the securityfunction of agricultural development and the cultivation of modern agriculture, thedevelopment of the appropriately scaled modern agriculture is very necessary incoastal areas. In the coastal areas, there are many advantages of promotingappropriately scaled modern agriculture, such as its absorbed surplus agriculturallabor, provided fiscal and financial support as well as more production facilities andso on. At the same time, it’s has to face the challenge of common small-scaledecentralized management, lack of agricultural business entities, output lowerearnings and other challenges. Especially the differences of farmers’ participation intransfer of land-use rights, in purchase of social services and participation in theagricultural cooperative organizations, that result from the differences in agriculturalproduction and management goals, family-run structure, employment structure,farmers own characteristics and other factors. Therefore, it is necessary toconcentrated on the differences of farmers’ participated characteristics andinfluencing factors in the way of exploring paths of appropriately scaled modernagriculture in the coastal areas.The analysis of land concentration paths of appropriately scaled modernagriculture that based on the views of peasant-households differentiation showed that:The cost of agricultural production before transfer of land-use rights, non-farmemployment income and the output of agricultural production before transfer ofland-use rights will affect the farmers’ behavior of rent land-use rights. Theagricultural land value-added after transfer of land-use rights, changes in non-farmemployment income and increase in the cost of agricultural production will affect thefarmers land transferred. In these famers who rent out land-use rights, no-farmpeasant household accounted for60%of the share, and the out-of-homelandpart-time farm peasant household accounted for27%of the share. The smaller landthey cultivated, the better of household income and expenditure, the higher of thehouseholder’s education level, and the head of household have professional skillswill affect no-farm peasant household and the out-of-homeland part-time farm peasant household’s possibility of rent out land-use rights. In these famers who rentin land-use rights, the largest proportion of commercial pure farm peasant household,followed by the local part-time farm peasant households, both of them occupy a totalof3/4share. The larger land they cultivated, the higher participation rate tocooperation organization, the higher level of understanding of agriculturalinformation and higher efficiency of agricultural science and technology utilization,are the main factors that commercial pure farm peasant households and localpart-time farm peasant households’ possibility of rent in land-use rights.The analysis of social services paths of appropriately scaled modern agriculturethat based on the views of peasant-households differentiation showed that: thechanges in agricultural output gains after the purchase of social services, the farmers’non-farm income, and the acquisition cost of social services constitute the mainfactors to affect farmers’ social service needs. The commercial pure farm peasanthouseholds, the local part-time farm peasant households and the out-of-homelandpart-time farm peasant households’ social service needs were significantly higherthan other peasant household. Larger acreage may be the main reason for thepurchase of social services of the commercial pure farm peasant household. Theparticipation in cooperation of organizations makes greater impact on the commercialpure farm peasant household and the local part-time farm peasant households’purchase of social services. The less of worker who major in farming and the higherof household education level, maybe the main reason that result in the lowerpurchase of social services in the local part-time farm peasant households and theout-of-homeland part-time farm peasant households.The analysis of co-operative paths of appropriately scaled modern agriculturethat based on the views of peasant-households differentiation showed that: theagricultural cognitive level of the farmers, the dependence on agricultural output andability to withstand risks constitute the factors that influence farmers to participate inthe cooperative organizational behavior. The order of peasant household participationof cooperative organizational as follows: the commercial pure farm peasanthousehold, the local part-time farm peasant households, the no-farm peasanthousehold that refer to farming, the no-farm peasant household that not refer tofarming, the out-of-homeland part-time farm peasant household and theno-commercial pure farm peasant household. While the commercial pure farmpeasant household’s higher participation refer to the cognitive level of head ofhousehold, the higher participation of local part-time farm peasant household issubject to the cognitive level of head of household, and the higher participation of the no-farm peasant household that refer to farming may be affected by the home villagecadres.The policies revelation of the modern agriculture paths’ comparative analysis asfollows: the polices that aim at the promotion of rent out land should primarily focuson no-farm peasant household and out-of-homeland part-time farm peasanthousehold, and make greater effort on their non-agricultural professional skillstraining. The polices that aim at the promotion of rent in land should primarily focuson the commercial pure farm peasant household and the local part-time farm peasanthouseholds, and in this course, the encouragement of these farmers participated inagricultural cooperative organizations, and provide timely and accurate marketinformation for agricultural products and agricultural technology services will have apositive impact. In the path of social services, the emphasis should focusing on theout-of-homeland part-time farm peasant household, commercial pure farm peasanthousehold and the local part-time farm peasant households. Make great effect toenhance the education level of head of household and to stabilize their employmentoutside the home at the same time, and provided more social services for these whostill worked in agriculture is an effective way to protect the agricultural outputcapacity. In the path of agricultural co-operation, the formation and development ofthe agricultural cooperative organizations should focus on commercial pure farmpeasant household, the local part-time farm peasant households and the no-farmpeasant household that refer to farming. While make great effort on provide timelyand effective agricultural materials and agricultural market information, as well asprovide more training chances of agricultural science and technology is an usefulway.