A Study On The Coordinated Development And Its Institutional Arrangement Of China’s Coal-electricity Industry Chain

China’s coal resources are relatively rich, so our country main uses coal as primary energy production and consumption. With the development of national economy, the aggregate demand of coal unceasing increase, in addition, coal resource is a non-renewable energy resource, the coal is effecting the economy and social development in China. Electric power industry is a public service industry, and it relates to the level of economic life. As the characteristics of China’s energy are less gas and more coal, China’s power industry is mainly coal-fired power generation.After the coal price reform in1994, the double-track price system appears in the coal trading market. As the basic industry, the electricity price affects national life. In order to guarantee the stability of the electricity price, our country canceled the double-track price system. In the double-track price system, the market coal price must be higher than the planned coal price. Since2000, our country began to gradually reduce controls on coal prices, so coal prices would rise in the free market, and it improved the production cost of the electric power. In this case, the game between the coal industry and electricity industry is more and more intense. In the end of2004, National Development and Reform Committee (NDRC) issued the notification of views on the establishment of coal price linkage mechanism, in an attempt to resolve disputes between the coal industry and the power industry and promotee the formation of China’s coal and electricity price linkage mechanism. In the year of2005, NDRC issued the notification of views on doing the work of the production, transportation and demand of coal in2006, in order to promote the negotiate between coal and electricity industry about the price of thermal coal and encourage the long-term cooperation between large coal supply and demand companies. In2007, with the intensification of inflation, China’s coal prices continued to grow, however, the electricity price did noe change, so the growth of coal prices brought great pressure to the power industry. At the beginning of2008, the phenomenon of "coal shortage" and "power shortage" appeared in some areas of southern China, it shows that the contradiction between China’s coal and power industry is growing. It is an urgent need to solve the problem between coal electricity industries.Be based on the basic theory of industry and the game analysis, the dissertation analyzes the influencing factors of China’s coal industry; secondly, based on the basic framework of the coal industry chain coordination, the dissertation summarizes the methodology of evaluation about the coal industry chain coordination and proposes evaluation model; thirdly, the dissertation takes the empirical analysis about the coal industry chain coordination; finally, we put forward good routes of optimizing and institutional arrangement. The main conclusions of the dissertation include:Firstly, by analyzing the structure of China’s coal and power industry chain, as well as the game between the two industries, the dissertation considers that the coal market is a competitive market and the electricity market is a monopoly market. In the process of game, the combination between coal industry and power industry is conducive to the maximization of collective interests.Secondly, the dissertation build the system of influencing factors of China’s coal industry chain coordination from four aspects, and take advantage of the survey method to do an empirical analysis. The results show that the system of influencing factors is rational, so it laid the foundation for the structure of China’s coal industry chain coordination evaluation index system and model.Thirdly, the dissertation summarizes the methods, principles, steps and contents of the comprehensive evaluation process. In addition, the dissertation constructs evaluation index system of China’s coal industry chain coordination:the system covers three dimensions, including the target, criteria as well as the elements or indicators. The index system includes two criteria and seven elements. The target layer is the evaluation of the Chinese coal industry chain coordination; the criteria layer includes coordination and development. The coordination includes three aspects and the development includes four aspects.Fourthly, based on the analysis of influencing factors of China’s coal industry chain coordination, evaluation models and methods, the dissertation takes advantage of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to analyze the empirical. The analysis results show that the level of coordination is mediocre and the level of development needs to be further improved. On the basis, we put forward six policy recommendations.Fifthly, This dissertation discusses China’s coal industry chain coordination from contractual dealings, price linkage mechanism, energy saving and emission reduction and environmental costs. In addition, we put forward optimal paths. The contractual dealings include five aspects, the price linkage mechanism include four aspects, the energy saving and emission reduction includes six aspects, the environmental costs includes three aspects.Sixthly, the dissertation summarizes institutional arrangements about improving the Chinese coal industry chain coordination; it includes theories and institutional arrangements. This dissertation analyzes and summarizes the theoretical basis for the integration of government intervention in the coal and power industry from aspects of the electric power system reform, the issue of coal transportation and the obstacles of coal and power industry integration. The reform of the power system can not do without government intervention; Coal transportation issues also need government coordination control. It can not do without government coercion and incentives to contribute to the integration of the coal and power enterprises. In addition, based on the theoretical basis, this dissertation proposes institutional arrangements, including formal and informal institutions. Formal system represents the mainstream of the social system, it has the mandatory and it provides the conditions for the stability of informal system. Government uses the formal system to control and coordinate the coal and power industry. The formal system includes six aspects.By raising the barriers to entry of coal electricity industry, encouraging merger and reorganization of the coal mining enterprises, reducing the carriers to entry of the electricity industry, improving the price mechanism, we should make the power industry operation independently in all aspects and build the effective competition in the coal and electricity market structure. We should promote the participation between the coal and power industry and the development of the coal and electricity integration by controlling the independent coal power project and policy formulation. Large energy groups, formed by the coal and electricity integration require the government to enforce the monitoring systems, in order to ensure the normal operation of the market. Not only do we have to strengthen the building of the railway network, but also to encourage the construction of other high-efficiency, low-cost transport modes, and to expand the size of the coal transportation and ensure the supply of coal. At the same time, we should control the monopolistic behavior of transport links and reduce the cost of coal transportation. Conduct informal system is not a substitute for the formal system, it is a standard to norm the behaviors of members of society. The dissertation from five areas describes informal institutional arrangements. The stability and improvement of informal institutional arrangements can not be separated from the formal system. Although the formal system hsa mandatory, but it can not be separated from the informal institutional arrangements; there is only informal system and no formal system, the market can not operate normally. In order to improve the coordination of the Chinese coal industry chain, it can not be separated from the two institutional arrangements and the two institutional arrangements must have the same goal. In this way, the market can stable development.First, the dissertation presents the theory of coal industry from the perspective of industry chain binding. Based on the contradictions of China’s coal industry, the dissertation studies a reasonable arrangement for China’s coal industry chain and the impacts of the market structure. To some extent, The dissertation perfects the theory of China’s coal industry chain.Second, The dissertation constructs the evaluation index system and the basic model of coal industry chain coordination, analyzes the basic factors about affecting the coal industry chain coordination, does empirical analysis and comprehensive evaluation about China’s coal industry chain coordination. The evaluation index system tends to impact factors of the coal industry, electricity industry and government policy. In the empirical analysis process, the dissertation analyzes the quantitative indexes of the index system and evaluates China’s coal industry chain coordination. The analysis results show that the level of coordination is mediocre and the level of development needs to be further improved. On the basis, we put forward six policy recommendations.Third, the dissertation uses the system design theory to put forward optimal paths formal institutional arrangements and informal institutional arrangements. In the aspects of optimal paths, the dissertation discusses China’s coal industry chain coordination from contractual dealings, price linkage mechanism, energy saving and emission reduction and environmental costs. In the aspects of institutional arrangements, this dissertation satrt from the seven areas respectively to describe the arrangement of the formal system and satrt from the five areas respectively to describe the arrangement of the informal system.