Study On Cluster Development Of China’s Cultural Creative Industries

With the rapid development of the science and technology and the rise of theconsumer level, the "new economy" based on "knowledge" and "culture" is emerging,"personalized services" and "consumer economy" characterized increasinglyprominent, modern service industry is developing extremely fast based on newtechnologies and new mode. Therefore the cultural creative industries are growingrapidly along with these. Creative industries is emerging industries with culture-based,creative-centered, idea-motivated, in order to produce high value-added productsthrough the development and use of intellectual property rights. Coverage from theindustry point of view, creative industries not only reflect the culture of traditionalareas such as libraries, cultural heritage, performing arts, book publishing, radio andtelevision, audio and video recording products, but also express the emerging creativearea include information services, sports and entertainment, movies, intellectualproperty and new media.At present, creative industries has become an important feature of the developedcountries and regional economic development. Scale and level of the development ofcultural creative industries based on innovation, creativity, and creative is becomingthe sign and the most important criteria to evaluate a national and regionalcomprehensive competitive strength. United Kingdom, United States, Japan and othercountries established their cultural creative industries as the pillar industry of theirown development, and by taking a large number of policy measures and instrumentsto actively promote industries and expand the industrial cluster level. Industrialclusters can achieve optimal allocation of factor resources; enhance the utilizationefficiency and the competition strength. This industry organization is in the form witha high degree of knowledge spillovers complement of the cultural creative industry.The industry is developing rapidly with promoting other coordinated development of related industries. In recent years, the Chinese government also attaches greatimportance to the cultural and creative industries and strongly support its rapidexpansion, cluster development, especially in eighteen report referred to a new height,established cultural industry will become a pillar industry of the national economy in2020. It can be expected, along with the rapid development of the knowledgeeconomy and information technology continues to progress, cultural and creativeindustries are gradually become the core industries of the new economic era, a vastreservoir of potential value, will become the new driving force of the globaleconomic development. At the same time, the cultural and creative industries will bethe next stage to promote the main force of China’s sustained and stable economicgrowth, the cultural creative industries which is taking cluster as the main mode ofdevelopment, will play significant role in promoting China’s economy to achieve afundamental change in the new round of growth and economic development patterns.From the theoretical research achievements point of view, although manyscholars have studied the cultural creative industries in the past. However, the basis ofits research, research methods and research perspective remains to be furtherexpanded. The comprehensive analysis from the the cluster perspective of culturalcreative industries are not many. From the reality of the situation, the analysis ofcultural creative industries cluster formation and development, the study of howcultural creative industries cluster impact on the region’s economic development, theexploration of the personnel training mechanism and financing model to supportcultural creative industries, which will play a great significance to enhance thecompetitiveness level of the creative industries in China, and promote the healthydevelopment of China’s cultural creative industries, and even to achieve thesustainable development of the national economy.This dissertation is studying the cultural creative industries cluster developmentin China. By reviewing the domestic and international literature and clarifying thetheoretical basis of the economics, and summarizing the development status ofcultural creative industries both in China and developed countries. There are someexperiences that China can learn from. By constructing the index system, thedissertation also evaluate the competitiveness level of the cluster by taking use of factor analysis method. Then found the influencing factors of competitiveness. In themeantime, space efficiency improvements were found by evaluating the creativeindustries cluster based input-output efficiency. Finally, we analyze the impact of thesupporting system for the future development of cultural creative industries, discussthe policy options proposed financing model and talent cultivation from capital andtalent as two key aspects.There are eight chapters in the dissertation, they are as follows:Chapter1: An introduction. First, we consider the research background, thequestion based on research significance. Subsequently, literature review is followedby. Then it’s the main content and research framework, depicting the research context.Section four of this chapter introduced the research methods, including documentaryresearch, case studies and empirical analysis. Finally, the thesis introduces theinnovation and deficiencies.Chapter2: Basic concept and theoretical basis. This chapter first introduces theconcept, characteristics, and the role of cultural creative industries. From the contentpoint of view, the cultural and creative industries in the emerging culture based,creativity as a core and ideology as the driving force, with high-tech integrated toenhance cultural resources, production of high value-added products through thedevelopment and use of intellectual property industries. From the characteristics pointof view, creative industries have four main characteristics such as knowledgegathering, value-added, integration and advance with times. From the role of point ofview, creative industry has three major roles: promote economic restructuring,improve the comprehensive national competitive advantage; promote regionaleconomic development, and enhance the region’s economic competitiveness; promotegrowth in three industries to enhance the industry and the integration of the level ofdevelopment. Subsequently, this study has determined the theoretical basis that is thetheory of industrial organization, the theory of industrial clusters and industrialcompetitiveness theory.Chapter3: Study on development of cultural creative industries in China anddeveloped countries. I selected United Kingdom as the analysis object because it isthe first to propose creative industries and formulate corresponding policies.. In addition, United States, Australia and other developed countries also introduced. Thechapter then describes the current development status of creative industries in Chinaand some regions. Indicates the Enlightenment to China combined with thedevelopment of foreign experience. We have four main lessons according to theexperience from these counturies: Firstly, the government should vigorously supportthe development of cultural and creative industries; secondly, government shouldvigorously support the creative enterprises to actively establish the leader enterprise;thirdly, we should make efforts to protect the intellectual property rights; fourthly, weshould focus on cultivating creative professionals.Chapter4: Cluster development analysis of cultural creative industries. Thischapter first introduces the concept, classification and characteristics of culturalcreative industries cluster. From the connotation point of view, cultural creativeindustries cluster established with a number of independent interrelated creativeenterprises and related supporting mechanism which includes all upstream anddownstream enterprises of the creative industries chain. From the classification pointof view, the cluster can be divided into cultural clusters and location cluster inaccordance with the reasons for the formation; axle-cluster and pie-cluster can bedivided according to the structure of the cluster. From the characteristics of view,there are three main features: Firstly, cultural creative industries cluster has thefeature of location and embeddedness. Secondly, creative industries clusterproduction has the relevance of science and technology. Thirdly, the creation ofcreative industries cluster has innovativeness and risk. Followed by an analysis of thecreative industries cluster formation mechanism expanded from dynamic mechanismand development. From the point view of formation mechanism, the dynamicmechanism of the cultural creative industries cluster dynamic mechanism to reducetransaction costs, a dynamic mechanism to obtain a competitive advantage, expandthe power of the capital stock of mechanism. From the development conditions pointof view, the main conditions for the development of cultural creative industriescluster includes four aspects. They are as follows: consumer demand, productionresources, support industries, and environmental factors. Then development mode ofthe creative industries cluster are analyzed from international comparisons and practice in China. Finally, the study concludes the analysis of the creative industriesspace effects. The creative industries cluster has three effects, external economiceffects, the effect of the joint development and network innovation effects.Chapter5: The agglomeration level analysis of creative industries and its impacton economic growth. This chapter describes the industrial agglomeration methodsinclude concentration degree, location entropy, the space Gini coefficient, theHerfindahl index, EG index commonly. As we see from the location entropy of theconcentration level. Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong are ranking the top three inChina with a higher level of specialization. The concentration level in Tibet, Ningxia,Qinghai and Hainan is relatively low. The pace of creative industries clusterdevelopment is relatively stagnant. As shown from the EG indices, the concentrationlevel of the creative industries is improving in China from2006to2010. It continuesto increase in2010. Location entropy and EG index then used to measure theconcentration level of creative industries in China. The results show how creativeindustries concentration impact on China’s economic growth. The research resultsalso show that the creative industries have a significant role in promoting the growthof per capita GDP. Every1%increase from the level of industrial clustering will bring2.2%growth of per capita GDP. And knowledge spillover effect of the creativeindustries is very obvious.Chapter6: Competitiveness analysis based on the creative industries cluster.This chapter begins with a clear meaning of the competitiveness of creative industriesand its constituent elements. Creative industries competitiveness is the capabilityshow cultural industries with the creative core have better market competition thanothers. This capability is a comprehensive level of interaction between the elementsof culture, creative design, and information transmission. Subsequently, China’screative industry competitiveness evaluation index system is built on systematic,comparable, measurable principle, combined with the actual status of China’s creativeindustries. The research results show that the main factors of competitiveness ofChina’s creative industries are determined by cultural level of output, quality ofhuman resources, infrastructure construction, radio and television penetration andelectronic products production. In2010, creative industries competitive regions are different in China. The competitiveness of creative industries in Guangdong,Zhejiang, Beijing are stronger. Hunan and Sichuan province lead in the central Chinaand western regions. The competitiveness in Qinghai, Hainan and Ningxia isrelatively weak. In considering the factors of competitiveness and clusters, there is aslight change in the ranking of the provinces. However, the overall strength of the topfive provinces and cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu) havestable performance. Whether competitive or Concentration Index ranked top five inthe country, the majority of the central and western regions of China, especially in thewestern region of cultural creative industrial competitiveness and industrial clustersaverage in the country downstream level. Finally, we explore the relationship of thecompetitiveness and the concentration level of creative industries. It is concluded thatindustrial agglomeration and industrial competitiveness is highly correlated eachother. The industrial clustering is an important form of industrial organization topromote the competitiveness.Chapter7: The input-output efficiency analysis based on the creative industriescluster. This chapter begins with a clear connotation of the creative industryefficiency and its constituent elements. The efficiency refers to human capital factorinputs of the creative industries have been fully utilized, which can bring themaximum output. Subsequently the research methods are determined. For example,input and output indicators are selected to evaluate the input-output efficiency ofcreative industries in China and lifting methods are recommended based on theresults of evaluation.The results showed that the input-output efficiency of China’screative industries is high in overall and the development trend is good. Regionally,Beijing, Jilin, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Shandong, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi,Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan also showed high efficiency. The rest13provinces or cities also show a higher efficiency. However, creative industries inShanxi and Inner Mongolia have lower input and output efficiency, far below than theaverage. In addition, the efficiency of Hebei, Heilongjiang, Anhui, Fujian, Henan andShaanxi provinces is also lower than the average, which is less efficient. Creativeindustries in Shanxi has failed shown from the input and output evaluation analysis.In addition, Heilongjiang, Fujian, Henan, Hainan and Shanxi have the similar situation as Shanxi, that is a larger redundant output with a big deficit. From thestatistics, Hunan ranks the first place in26provinces or cities, indicating that Hunanhas the higher input-output efficiency. Besides, Jilin, Shanghai, Guangdong andSichuan also have higher input-output efficiency and developing relatively fast.Chapter8: Supporting system analysis of the China’s creative industries clusterdevelopment. From the financial point of view, I have proposed the suggestions andadvice by studying the current status and problems of financing mode, experiencefrom developed countries, and financing mode in China. By studying personneltraining system, the concept of creative talent and classification are becoming clear.By examining the current status and problems China’s creative talents, somesuggestions are proposed to build creative talents cultivation and managementmechanisms. From financial support system point of view, three suggestions are asfollows: Firstly, to cultivate professional security agencies and build credit financingguarantee system; secondly, to create private funds and creative industries investmentfunds, take use of palliative dividends, tax breaks and other means to encourage itsthe long-term investment; thirdly, to encourage investment activities through culturalcreative industries chain. Three things should be done from the personnel trainingsystem: First, universities should take the responsibility to establish a long-termmechanism to continuously supply the creative industries chain; the enterprisesshould focus on a combination of experience in training and professional training;third, the government should pay more attention to a combination of the environmentcreation and occupational training.