| Population aging is a common trend that humanity should face. The arrival ofthe aging of Chinese society brought tremendous pressure on the pension, especiallyfor the rural old-age security is not perfect, it is a challenge. With the deepening ofthe degree of aging in rural areas, to explore how to deal with aging, protection oflife of older persons in rural areas is very urgent, necessary to ensure the stabilityand sustainable development of the rural society. This study not only provided a newidea for the future of rural old-age security policy, but also enriched the rural old-agesecurity research in China.The realistic problem research need support of theory.At first, This thesis statedaging population theory and social security theory which were closely related to theresearch contents as the theoretical basis.It started aging study with three aspects,fertility rate, death rate and migration.With regard to the theoretical ananlysis offertility rate,the thesis elaborated typical theories such as the cost effect ofLeibenstein’s Theory,the number of quality replacement for Becker, Easterlin’s thesupply and demand theory, Caldwell’s flow theory of intergenerational wealth.Research of Spengler and other scholars on influence facts about death ratewere quoted in order to show that the decline in mortality and life expectancy hadimpacted on the aging of the population only in specific period.About the analysis ofmigration, I used the most famous thrust--tension theory to explain the push-pulleffect which was caused by the diferrent living conditions between the rural and thecity, the effect of push-pull led to a large rural population to migrate to the city as aresult of rapid aging of the rural population.In the thesis, Old-age security theory mainly involved four theories: Pigou’s theory of welfare economics, Keynes’seffective demand theory, Beveridge’s welfare plan, and the theory of socialjustice.Incorporating these theories, we can build the foundation for the followingtheory and empirical research.At present,the status of aging in China appeares the following festures:the speedand the degree of rural population aging are increasing; different aging stress existsin different regions;the process of aging can’t keep pace with ecnomicsdevelopment.The features on rural population aging are similar to ones of nativepopulation aging,but also it has its own unique characteristics which show thefollowing aspects: the first is the inversion of urban and rural population aging;thesecond is the rural population aging exists obvious regional imbalance;the third isthe level of rural population aging exceeds the ecnomics development. the fourth is"Little children","aging"and "empty nest" coexist in rural.By analyzing the currentsituation of rural aging,the thesis addressed some influence factors that deterioratedthe population age compositon:rural birth rate has decreased year by year due tofamily planning；the rapid improvement of medical conditions have resulted in adramatic increasing of the rural population life expectancy.The urbanization processdeepen the rural population aging degree.In the light of the status of rural populationaging development above,the thesis adopted the sixth census data to forecast the dataduring deferrent periods in the next forty years in China rural regions which includedthe number of the total population, the number of children, the number of workingage population, and the number of age65and above population in order to confirmthe trend of the rural population aging during2010--2050. From the predictedresults of rural population aging in the future forty years, we can see the rural agingwill be more serious. Therefore, the pressure from rural aging security should not beoverlooked.In China, the rural old-age security has experienced four stages: the initial stage, the exploration stage, adjustment stage, stage of development.At the present stage,the rural old-age security mainly has two forms--family pension and socialendowment insurance. The two form of security has played a positive role inresolving the dilemma of rural endowment, but it also exists some problems. Familyrestructuring, the population exodus serious lack of filial piety culture impede thefunction of the family pension play the social pension is not yet perfect, the ruralcollective pension insufficient financial support, supply levels are generally low,centralized support The services are not in place, there are still some problems plusstart shortly, implementation and promotion of the new rural endowment insuranceneeds improvement, so to solve the rural old-age security problems a long way to go.Explore the road to improve the rural old-age insurance, from the perspective ofcomparative research expedition the typical national rural old-age security in theworld practice, including developed countries, Germany, France, Japan, thedeveloping countries of Chile and India, analyzing its system constructionexperiences and lessons draw regularity conclusion, First,we should pay attention tolegislation in advance, implementate security pension system in accordance with thelaw;To actively play the leadership role of the government, it would obtainremarkable results; We should focus on the correlations between the old-ageinsurance system in rural areas and agricultural policy, promote the benigninteraction between the two; Furthermore,it is neccesary to diversify the systems ofendowment insurance. We learn from them, and then build the rural old-age securityto national circumstances, to cope with the aging of the rural old-age securityprogram.I believe that should be based on tradition and with government social forces tobuild a fusion of traditional and modern pension ways advantage of the new old-agesecurity system. Follow the government and the social forces combine, home to theSocial Security combined, a combination of self-help and mutual aid, the principle of life service combined with the spirit of service, specific implementation from fouraspects, one implementation of family support programs and promote the culture offilial piety to strengthen rural family pension; Second, by raising the awareness ofthe insured farmers, strengthen the financial investment to improve the capacity ofincreasing the value of to formulate the convergence policy between the securitysystem to improve the new rural pension insurance system; vigorously nurture ruralsocial pension services mainly through the improvement of rural public pensionservices, local conditions to carry out a variety of forms of service to enhance thequality of old-age home will strengthen rural pension service personnel to improvethe professional level of service to provide pension environment; Fourth, acceleratethe pace of rural old-age security legislation to strengthen the legal construction ofthe rural old-age security. I hope that establish a security barrier for the farmers’through taking the above positive measures. |
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