| In the time of knowledge economy, innovation has become a key factor indetermining a country’s competitiveness. With the continuous improvement of theproductivity of science and technology，on the background of information, networkand globalization，innovation activities are becoming more complex, innovativepartnerships between stakeholders have undergone profound changes, developgradually from the point-to-point relation to the network type structure, the innovationprocess develops the non-linear pattern from the liner model. The essential attribute ofinnovation is an uncertainty，this uncertainty is rooted in bounded rationality involvedin innovation activities. On the epistemological，ontological point view，the objectiveworld and the environment are inherently uncertain. Innovative uncertainty leads tothat innovation activities are difficult to complete independently by a single subject,in order to reduce the innovation uncertainty and improve innovation gains, the singlemain innovation must choose other subjects to establish cooperation and union underthe guidance of its target，a multi-agent network organization collaborative innovationplatform is formed under the directed selection, which produces the innovation cluster.Innovation will inevitably move towards a variety of collaboration, interaction andagglomeration from junior to senior development process, and the innovation clusteris formed, innovation cluster is the inevitable trend of innovative development fromjunior to senior.The complex network theory has the remarkable superiority on portrayingstructure and relation of complex system and the system evolutionary process aspect,its application scope expands continuously, but the research on the application ofcomplex network theory for innovation clusters is relatively few, basic theories in thisarea are not rich and systematic enough, This article attempts to build analytical framework of complex network analysis on innovation cluster.This article utilizes the complex network and evolved economic theory, analyzesthe essential issue and its intrinsic regularity of innovation cluster, constructs thecomplex network analytical framework of innovation cluster, clears that innovationcluster is a high-level innovation organization mode. On this foundation, study thecomplex network characteristics of the innovation cluster in-depth using complexnetwork theory, mine out inherent regularity of the interaction between its participants，point out that the formation of clusters of innovation is result of directed selectionunder the control of various mechanism of synergy，evolution that affected by positiveand negative feedback mechanisms can appear complex and whole emergence undercomplex network perspective innovation cluster. Based on BBV evolution model thatincluding directed weight，innovation cluster complex network evolution process issimulated, the evolution of the dynamic and complex nature and the impact ofexternal factors on the system evolution are analyzed. Finally, take the Zhongguancuninnovation clusters with the complex process as the case, dissect the formationprocess，the network characteristic，the structure characteristic and the function ofZhongguancun innovation cluster under the complex network angle view, and analyzeits existence question and the countermeasure.The main contents of this paper are as follows:First, the basic theory of innovation clusters. Starting from innovation clusterresearch situation, research key and mechanism，review the existing research results，evaluate the existing research， clear about the starting point of research andsummarize the theory origins, concepts, characteristics, types of innovation cluster.Second, the foundation of relevant theory. On one hand, review the research ofinnovation and the innovation cluster， grasp the law of innovative models evolution.On the other hand, comb the complex network theory and evolutionary economicsresearch，clear the logical starting point of the research and elaborate basic issue，suchas the applicability of relevant theories and research object.Third, the complexity of innovation cluster analysis. The innovative nature ofproperty is uncertainty, a single main innovation of the high degree of uncertainty, need synergy and interaction of many types of innovation involved in the main, theparticipating main body is formed between a non-linear network organization.Innovation Cluster is an advanced form of innovation, innovation cluster has a seriesof complex characteristics. Innovation cluster formation in order to reduce uncertaintythrough innovative agglomeration relative uncertainty of innovative multi-bodymonomer innovation.Fourth, the complex network serviceability of innovation cluster analysis. As aresult of interlinks between the various principal parts of innovation clusters, thecomplex network structure is formed，innovation cluster has a complex networkcharacteristics， enterprises, universities and research institutes, governments,intermediary body constitute elements of network nodes， human resources, materialresources, technology, knowledge, information and the flow of funds between theprincipal parts forms a complex relationship，the complex networks structure ofinnovation cluster possess small-world characteristics and scale-free feature.At thesame time, the different strength of the relationship between the principal parts makesinnovation clusters become one weighted network.Fifth, innovation cluster formation mechanism under the complex network angleview. Study from innovative cluster formation reasons，conditions, formation typesand action mechanisms affected by complex network. innovation makes directedchoice and forms the directed network in order to reduce the uncertainty of innovationand enhance the innovation income，and the innovation clusters is formatted.At thesame time, the ability of learning，imitation and innovation, the interaction andcollaboration with other innovation principal parts will have an impact on theformation of innovation clusters.Sixth, the development and evolution of the innovation cluster from the complexnetwork perspective. Under the influence of the directed choice mechanism，theevolution of innovation clusters can be complex. Positive and negative feedback ofvariety of mechanisms determine the development and evolution of innovativeclusters，Influenced by changes in the initial state，there will present systematic whole emergence. Based on BBV model with directed weights， aiming at phasecharacteristics networking mechanisms and structures evolution of the innovationnetwork evolution, the evolution of innovative clusters are simulated numericallyand simulation results are analyzed.Seventh, the Zhongguancun innovation cluster formation and evolution analysisunder the complex network angle view. Take the innovation cluster structure,formation, run, evolution theory research under complex network as the foundation，analyze the formation and evolution of Zhongguancun innovation cluster from thecomplex network perspective， On the basis of analyzing the Zhongguancuninnovation cluster formation and development process，discuss the Complex networkstructural feature， complex network characteristics and Network functions ofZhongguancun innovation cluster， analyze main problems of Zhongguancuninnovation clusters from the complex network perspective, and make improvingcountermeasures for Zhongguancun innovation cluster network.The main innovative points of this article:First, Take the nature property of innovative uncertainty as the logical startingpoint when constructing the research framework. The nature property of innovative isuncertainty, the uncertainty is rooted in limited rational of principal parts involved ininnovation activities On the epistemological， the objective world and environmentthemselves have the uncertainty. As a result of Innovative uncertainty innovationactivities are difficult to be completed independently by a single subject, A singleinnovation principal part must chooses to establish relations of cooperation andalliance with others under the guidance of its objectives in order to reduce innovationuncertainty and improve innovation gains， it is that a multiagent cooperativeinnovation network organization platform is developed under the domination of thedirected select，and Innovation community and innovation cluster emerge.，Innovationwill inevitably move towards coordination, interacts and gathers between innovationprincipal parts from junior to senior development process，so innovation clusters areformated，Innovation cluster is an inevitable trend of innovation developing fromjunior to senior. Second, clear that the formation of innovation clusters is the results of "directedselection"."directed selection" is the most important mechanism throughout thewhole process of the innovation cluster formation and development. Because theinnovation principal part has the sense of purpose, initiative and compatibility, thestrategy and behavior selection process are carried out in order to reduce theuncertainty of innovation and gain more innovation income under its graspingcomplete information and limited rational restraint，, the choice of direction is madeunder the guidance of a target，the policies and actions are adopted according to astandard filter. The directed in the directed selection is the goal, direction, theinnovation principal part carries on strategy and behavior choice in order to realizereducing the innovation uncertainty and enhancing innovation success rate, Theinnovators must make the choice in many different subjects, non-uniformityinnovation product and different innovation pattern, and carries on partialoptimization under the constraints of bounded rationality and incomplete information.Third, propose that innovation cluster is a network with directed weight underthe complex network angle view. Directed connection between innovation clustersprincipal parts is a result of directed selection under the circumstances of boundedrationality, inadequate information and cognitive context. The cluster inside andoutside of the main body has the sense of purpose and compatibility，so whenselecting technology partners, areas of cooperation and cooperation，the choice is notundirected and random, but is purposeful under the guidance of its development goals.It makes the network between principal parts is directed. Of course, this kind ofdirection may be also bi-directional. At the same time, the link between the principalparts within the whole innovation cluster is not equal，there is a difference betweenthe node relation intensity, the relation frequency，This leads the weights of the edgesdifference between the nodes，generally speaking the weight between principal partsthat cooperated for a long time will be relatively high，and when the node has thecooperation demands, will first consider the principal parts that have cooperated，thiscauses that the contact is more frequent and the relational intensity is higher betweeneach other. Therefore, innovation clusters complex network is the directed one with the weight.Fourth, proposed the mechanism of the formation and development of innovationclusters based on complex network. The formation of innovation clusters is the resultsof "directed selection"，in order to reduce the uncertainty of single innovation, throughgathers to realize the innovation relative determinism among polysome innovations.The formation and development of innovation clusters is the result which many kindsof mechanisms affects together under the directed selection s control. The directedselection of innovation main body controls the innovation clusters formation and todevelop the entire process. Study and imitation mechanism influences participationmain body behavior way and strategy choice. The sudden change mechanism is canaccelerate the innovation cluster’s evolved advancement under certain environmentbearing capacity or causes some main body the deconstruction. Proliferates themechanism is the main body some behavior way or the strategy is gambled by otherthe participant to duplicate and the imitation. Coordinates mechanism is between themain body through mechanism and so on study, imitation, sudden change, choicefunctions, between each other establishes the stable cooperation relations themechanism. Under the network architecture innovation cluster’s formation mechanismis different, plays the control role mechanism to be also different, develops thedifferent stage its main function mechanism in the colony to be different, eachmechanism correlation in together, together impels the innovation colony thepromotion and the development. |
