The Theoretical And Empirical Research On Industry Transfer From Eastern Region To Midwest Region In China

Promoting the industrial transfer from Eastern Region to Midwest Region in China, not only can speed up the industrial transformation and upgrading of Eastern Region, but also promote accelerating the economic and social development of Midwest Regions. From a practical point of view, in recent years, along with the in-depth implementation of the Western Development Strategy and the Strategy of the Rise of Central China, it has become the trend and scale that some traditional manufacturing industries such as shoes and clothing and some high energy-consuming industries such as cement have migrated from Eastern Region to Midwest Region. So it’s urgently needed to be studied and summarized theoretically. In this study, taken the shift of Wenzhou footwear industry to the central and western regions as an example, the theory and practice of the industrial transfer from Eastern Region to Midwest Region in China were studied systematically through field visits, questionnaires and interviews. The main conclusions of this thesis are as follows:(1) Foreign theories of industrial transfer related have revealed the universal law of the industrial development and transfer all over the world to a certain extent, and have a strong guiding significance. However, due to differences in the social conditions, political systems, economic level, resource endowments and cultural traditions, industrial transfer problems in various countries have its own particularity. Therefore, in the analysis of the industrial transfer in China, some theories can not to be failed to add trade-offs and simply applied mechanically. On the other hand, although studies on the industrial transfer and related fields in our country have been a strong foundation, but there is lack of in-depth and systematically study in the field of the internal mechanism of the industrial transfer between Eastern Region and Midwest Region in China. Furthermore, empirical research about industry transfer is also weak.(2) Since the1930s in China’s history, there have been three large-scale industrial transfer. Among them, the first two industrial transfer during the period of "Anti-Japanese" and the period of the construction of "Three lines", either be in a state of war, or in a background of preparing for the war, were conducted passively and forced by the war environments. That was always not the most important purpose to co-ordinate regional economic development. Once the war environment changed, such a transfer of industry tended to stagnate or even reversed. However, the industrial transfer since the implementation of the "Western Development" Strategy was the result of private capital expanding to the mainland spontaneously guided by the national policies and effected by the rules of the market economy when the industrialization of the Eastern Region developed to a certain stage. So it is full of very strong vitality, and can be surely expected to bring real industrial take-off to the Central and Western regions.(3) The industries transferred to the Central and Western regions from the Eastern region mainly are high energy-consuming or polluting industries and labor-intensive industries currently. The former type of industry transfer requires rational planning, and should to be regulated and controlled appropriately. Contrast to this, the latter class of industrial transfer should to be encouraged and guided by all kind of policies. There were expansionary motivations or withdrawal motivations for the industrial transfer from the Eastern region to the Central and Western regions. Different enterprises of different transfer motives selected different destination obviously. The expansionary enterprises often selected the layout of the set point purposefully, however the withdrawal enterprises were often in a "blind flow" state. Which mode of industrial transfer adopted by enterprises often associated closely with the type of industrial transfer, motivation and destination. Currently, China’s industrial transfer shows "sticky" obviously. The result of undertaking the industrial transfer from the Eastern region by the Midwest regions is not ideal. The barriers mainly come from two aspects:On the one hand, the barriers come from the transfer side, including the transfer government and the enterprises themselves; On the other hand, the barriers come from the undertaking side. The institutional environment is the obvious weakness of the Central and Western regions. In addition, the Midwest region relatively lacks of the relatively mature industry chains and supporting capacity and matching ability in the eastern region. All these are not conducive to the industrial transfer.(4) In the industrial level, the "Flying Geese Model" transfer of Footwear industry in China has happened since2006.This paper makes some important theoretical contributions as follows:(1) Simple push-pull model of industrial transfer is difficult to explain when faced with the same push force, pull force and common intermediate barriers, why some enterprises selected the transfer while some companies chose not to transfer? To this end, this study introduced the entrepreneurs’factors into the analysis framework of industrial transfer, and built the extended push-pull model of industrial transfer.(2) put forward the inherent mechanism of the comparative advantages coupling of industrial transfer. Whether the industrial transfer obtained the desired results, the key lied in the truly coupling of the enterprise advantages of the Eastern region and the investment advantages of the Midwest regions.(3) Studied the relationship of the industrial transfer and labor migration, and put forward that China’s labor migration and industrial transfer have experienced the two-stage evolution process from "reverse flow" to "the coexistence of reverse flow and codircctional flow".(4) Built a "Trinity" power structure including the central and local levels of government, industry associations and enterprises, and put forward policies and measures for speeding up China’s industrial transfer from the Eastern China to the central and western regions from the three different levels of government, enterprises and industry associations.This paper Summarized systematically the objective laws of the industrial transfer from the Eastern Regions to the Midwest Regions in China, to provide a basis for building the institutional innovation and policy framework related. The results achieved have important reference value for us to comprehensively understand of the internal mechanism and laws of the industrial transfer, and are of strong practical significance for the institutional innovation of industrial transfer and related incentive policies making. From a practical point of view, the results achieved will provide useful lessons for the industry transformation and upgrading of the Eastern China, and the implementation of the Western Development Strategy and the Strategy of the Rise of Central China.