Study On The Community Of Scientific Culture In Modern China

Unlike traditional Chinese culture, scientific culture is a form of heterogeneous culture which gradually formed in the spread and development of modern science in China. Real modern science of China substituted and entered an academic and specialization stage of development in the Republic of China. Consistent with the development of natural science, scientific culture developed rationally, took specialized knowledge as a carrier, created a new culture type. In the decades of1912-1949, science was independent as a relatively complete section in the history of science development, and scientists’ social roles were gradually clear. Any method of study on this "new situation" has considerable typical model meaning. Moreover, during this period, China was invaded and the situation was numerous and complicated, social culture changed frequently, features of the era impacted a strong influence on scientific culture. Therefore, from the perspective of history, it is typical to build new model of the study of scientific culture. The uniqueness of Chinese modern scientific culture determines that scientific culture was taken seriously by scholar. Undoubtedly a comprehensive study on the formation and development of Chinese modern scientific culture will make us have a deep and objectively understand over the scientific culture in the Republic of China.Considering the importance of scientific culture in modern China, more and more researchers gradually focus on it, and the research on it is deepening gradually. Scholars in different research fields discuss scientific culture in different ways. Based on a comprehensive consideration, the author find an obvious question that the study subjects of scholars in different disciplines is limited. For example, researchers in the history of science focus on scientists, researchers in the history of humanism focus on anthropologist, the study subjects are decomposed. This prevents researchers from overall mastering the form and development of the scientific knowledge in modern China. In fact, scientists and anthropologists both play an important role in the rise and development of scientific culture. For this reason, the author presents one new concept of "the Community of Scientific Culture", attempting to integrate scientists and anthropologist into joint research subjects, to have a complete understanding of the occurrence and development of scientific culture in modern China.The dissertation has fourteen chapters, which can be divided into five parts.In the first part (chapter1and chapter2), the author presents a brand new concept called "the Community of Scientific Culture in modern China", and interprets the nature, characters, structure, research contents, and maintenance of the Community of Scientific Culture.In the second part (include chapter3to chapter6), the author takes a sociological analysis on the community of scientific culture. In chapter3, the author analyses core members of the community of scientific culture, discusses the leadership to scientific career and the impact to scientific culture in modern China. In chapter4, the author analyzes the sociological characteristics of the1131members, searches the social ties and features of members in geopolitical relationship, genetic relationship, academic relationship and occupational relationship, tries to found the reasons, and then discuss the role of complicated social relations to the community. In chapter5, the author compares the first session academicians with the members of Peiping Academy, and then analyzes the difference using a case study method. In chapter6, the author discusses the form of social network in community of scientific culture, investigates their contributions to scientific cause and culture.In the third part (chapter7to chapter10), the author clarifies the contribution of the community of scientific culture to science of contemporary China. Chapter7discusses the contribution of the community of scientific culture based on members of Academia Sinica to other scientific organizations. Chapter8investigates how the members of community of scientific culture participate in the establishment of the science association, and discusses the important role of modern science society of China in promoting discipline development, uniting scientists, enhancing communication among nations and spreading scientific culture. Chapter9investigates the members’ special contributions to the development of modern high education in China. Taking the natural history museum and science library as examples, the author discusses the promotion of community of scientific culture to spread scientific culture and to disseminate science in chapter10.In the fourth part (chapter11and chapter12), the author discusses academic demonstration effect and scientific investigation of the Community of Scientific Culture. Taking the thesis the elites of the community of scientific culture published as a case, Chapter11discusses their demonstration role for academic circles, and analyses a scientific journal called "Botany Reporting". Chapter12illustrates the interactions between scientific practice and scientific culture with the use of two typical scientific research activities.In the fifth part (chapter13and chapter14), the author discusses the unique contribution made by the Community of Scientific Culture to scientific culture. Chapter13emphasizes the scientific cultural values of the Community of Scientific Culture. Chapter14illustrates the cultural influence of the community of scientific culture through the spreading of scientific culture, training of personnel, shaping of scientific spirit and the establishment of the awards named after their names.In the conclusion part, after delving into the community of scientific culture in modern China, we can draw a conclusion that the occurrence and development of scientific culture in modern China mainly done through the members of the community. They vigorously promoted modern transformation of Chinese academic, brought different content into scientific culture in modern China. Their impact on modern science and scientific culture in China was long and profound. Through research, we can explain that integrating scientists and humanist into the community of scientific culture is beneficial to explore the establishment of scientific culture in modern China.