Research On Scientific Institutionalization In Modern China

Scientific institutionalization is an important factor to influence science and economy of a nation. The initial stage of scientific institutionalization appeared in the time of Westernization Movement in China. With the development of Westernization Movement, a lot of western science and technology was introduced into China. And the new intellectuals who accepted and held the knowledge of the modern western culture was increasing vigorously. With the development of new intellecturals, the intellectural group of science and technology appeared. Modern intellecturals of science and technology gradually increased in Westernization Movement. Between the sino-japanese war and the early Republic of China, the quantity and scale of scientific associations enlarged along with the promotion of the education reform and the modern China overseas education. Modern intellecturals of science and technology organized various types of scientific associations engaged in science research and science communication. These scientific associations promoted the development of science in modern China. As the first comprehensive scientific association of China, Science Society of China had done a lot of useful exploration in scientific institutionalization, also had made many contributions in the popularization of scientific knowledge, the promotion of science communication, the promotion of science research and the introduction of reward mechanism. Science Society of China was a non-governmental organization, so the scientific institutionalization was not perfect and the level was low. In 1928, Academia Sinica was set up. Academia Sinica has promoted the development of science and perfected the scientific institutionalization in modern China. The scientific associations germinated during the end of Qing Dynasty, gradually developed during the early of Republic of China, and promoted the development of scientific institutionalization in modern China. In the process of transformation from loose, non-governmental associations to comprehensive high-standard government scientific institutions, Science Society of China and other scientific associations had played an important role.