| During the History of academic development in the West, the emergence of National academic institutions and academician system related to the development of modern scientific research, And the two became an important sign which stand for specialization, professionalization and institutionalization of National academic. Towards the origins and changes of Western academic institutions and academician system, Chinese people's perception has experienced a long and gradual process. In Early Republic of China, as the input of Western learning deepening, some scholars actively advocated to follow and transplant the Western academician system. Although this proposal was influenced by various factors such as weak academic foundation, lack of professional talents, and restrictions on the external environment, it didn't implement for a long time. But for the following construction of academic institutions, it provided a reliable proposal. Since 1930s, Along with Academia Sinica and the Council built and improved gradually, Chinese academic had established the government support lead system model, And achieved the transformation from traditional to modern, fromimmature to mature. During this period, academia sinica took the step by step policy, committed to building the National academic system, tried to learn, imitate and even innovate Western academic system, such as setting honorary members and the Council. Until 1948, academia sinica created Chinese academician system independently combined with our national conditions, elected the first 81 academicians successfully, and hosted the first Academy meeting, in order to perform academicians'functions practicality. This is an important milestone in the development history of Chinese academic, marks the final completion of the institutionalized construction of National academic system which keeping academicians as the mainstay, and construction of Chinese modern academic system drive to maturity.Academia Sinica began to establish academician system in 1940s, dependented on multiple factors which including positive side and negative side, in side and out side. As the positive aspects, first, Leaders like Cai Yuanpei and Zhu Jiaye recognized setting academicians was a necessary section to improve the National academic system even the Chinese academic system; Second, the rapid development of academic during the Republic of China and a solid foundation laid for research basis of subjects, directly contributed to the aggregation of a large number of elite and the rise of leaders, and then providing a solid academic foundation and adequate reserve of talents for the creation of the Chinese academician system; Third, accompanying with the frequent exchanges between Chinese and foreign academic, Academia Sinica maintained close ties with the western academic institutions like the Royal Society of England and National Academy of Sciences of United States, This encouraged Academia Sinica to Create their own system independently with Chinese characteristics. Four, in contextual meaning of Nationalism, the concept of academic independence became a major driving force of institutional innovation of the Academia Sinica, so as to establish our academic organization in the international. As the passive aspects, although Academia Sinica had a number of research institutes and councils, but it still laid particular stress on the Sinica's own research and deliberations, it was not enough to representative of the whole country. Combined with the baneful influence by anti-Japanese war, annual Council had repeatedly postponed, some important decisions before the war did not achieve the motion, the Academia Sinica's functions as guidance, communication, reward of the national academic research were greatly weakened. While facing its own shortage, Academia Sinica also enslaved to Wartime control policy and factional contradiction between Zhu Jiaye and Chen Lifu, encountered Ministry of Education's multi-faced repression and competition, even neared to dissolved, the situation was exceptional difficult. This exacerbated the Academia Sinica's crisis sense of maintain the academic leadership, to seek its own reform is inevitable, to establish a new system of Sinicized academician system put on the agenda.From 1941 to 1948 in 8 years, the gradual process to create academician system, actually experienced multiple steps like propose and determine, legislation, preparation, nomination of candidates, qualification, election. Overall, the first academician election led by Academia Sinica, as much as possible to overcome the frequent as wars and economic collapse, political corruption and other adverse effects of objective conditions, got a valuable success, reflected the general picture and the highest academic level of Chinese academia at that time, and then became a success story of self-election in the academic community. The reason, including four key factors:to protect the extensiveness and concentration of academician nomination; persisting cautious attitude and democratic principles in the nomination, review, and electoral process; to establish the objective, rational academic standards; abide by the concept of academic independence and self-election. The first academician election established the rationality and the justice, but in the same time, as a pioneering work, it also influenced by some factors, for instance, several articles'defect, bias within the academia circles, many years of war, traffic isolation, and the delay of information transmission. So there were some shortcomings, such as the omit of some outstanding scholars, and the inconsequence of a few academician's qualification and election.As an important part of Chinese Academy system, although academician system established as late as 1948, and interrupted by regime change at once, but it succeed to inherit the main achievement of academic development in the period of Republic of China, moreover, it has a certain influence upon the related systems in mainland China and Taiwan. For today's academic circles it also has a profound inspiration.
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