Research Of Chinese Marine Economy Development In The Sustainable Development Perspective

When the bearing capacity of land for the human being increasingly limits,population growth, environmental degradation, resource shortage and otherdifficulties are increasingly threatening the survival of human beings, which makesthe searching for a new space for the human survival and development become asignificant task for the governments and scientists. Therefore people turns to theocean, which occupies70.8%of the earth’s surface and96.5%of the earth’s watersurface. Being the “second territory”for human survival, the ocean has become thecradle of life, treasure of resources, the hotbed of wind and rain, the channel of trade,as well as the barrier of national defense.But along with the human society marching in the ocean in various attitudes, aninternational competition on the ocean is becoming increasingly fierce. Especiallysince the1990’s the ocean has gradually attracted more and more national attention,the world’s major maritime countries are formulating and adjusting their marinedevelopment strategy. They regard marine areas under their jurisdiction of nationalsovereignty as "blue land" for the development, utilization and protection. What’smore, they are stepping up to the exploration and development of the seabed andocean with the desire for the strategic resources and fighting for the favorableposition and strategic interests of marine competition. But the consequences ofmadness to land resources will remind us in the process of exploitation and utilizationof marine resources, human beings’ development must adhere to an intensive way,which means to pay attention to the sustainable development of ocean.Being a big marine country for a long history, China has abundant marine resource and rich development experience. After the founding of Socialist China,especially since the1990’s the marine development boom has begun to spread acrossthe coastal areas. Marine economy has been developed sustaining and rapidly. Marineeconomy plays a more and more important role in the whole system of nationaleconomy. The development of marine industry has become an important driving forceand strategic focus of the development in the new century in the process ofmodernization of China’s coastal areas. The rich marine resources have provided areliable material basis for the sustainable development of coastal economy. At thesame time, however, facing the same problems as other marine countries in the world,China also successively confornts many problems in the process of marineexploration, which will influence the sustainable development of China’s marineeconomy emerging. Because the anti-scientific marine planning, the limited marinescience and technology, as well as the failure of marine institutional establishment,the phenomena, such as the free use, excessive use and disorder exploration of marineresources happen ofen and can not be overcome easily. With the rapid growth ofeconomy in coastal areas, as well as the expansion of the breadth and the depth of themarine exploration, waste and over-exploitation led to increasingly serious shortageof marine resources day by day, the marine environment is deteriorating, thetraditional and extensive development mode of marine economy results in the moreand more serious problems such as high consumption of marine resources, thegenerous waste emissions, and the overload of marine ecological environment. Theuncoordinated problem among the marine economy, marine resources andenvironment and social development has influenced the healthy and sustainabledevelopment of marine economy. It also directly or indirectly disrupted the marineeconomy, even the normal development order of national economy. With thepromotion of the status of marine economy in the national economy of China, as wellas the theoretical system of the discipline of marine economy gradually formed, theseproblems are gradually attracting the national attention. The main reason for these problems is that we only pay attention to the functionof marine resource, but ignore the functions of ecology and environment, as well asignoring the scientific planning for the development of marine industry in the processof marine exploration. This results in the dislocation of marine development activities,marine economic development and the factual function of ocean. Therefore, how tosystematically and deeply introduce the idea of sustainable development into the fieldof marine economy become the solution of this big issue, which can help China toachieve the coordinated development among “ocean-economy-society" system. Inaddition, it is also a key issue to be solved before marine exploration and utilizationin a large scale. Therefore, based on the practice of China’s marine development, aswell as the sustainable utilization and intergenerational equity of marine resources,this paper combined with the marine economics, ecological economics, Marx’s viewof technology, institutional economics, regional economics, industrial economics andother related theory. Under the background of economic globalization, from theperspective of the improving the comprehensive long-term development strength ofnational marine economy, it tries to construct the strategy supporting system for thesustainable development of China’s marine economy under the national governmentaldomination. It also identifies the strategy point of sustainable development of China’smarine economy. From the strategy perspective of national resource and the height ofthe national benefit, this paper regards the institutional change as a driving force. Onthis occasion, it deeply discusses on the specific strategy choice of the explorationand development of China’s marine economy.The core content of this paper are the following six points: firstly, to review thestrategy focus and key problems of China’s marine economy and the logicalrelationship between these problems, as well as to seek the fundamental reasons forChina’s marine economic problems which currently occurred. Secondly, based on therelatively systematic and consummate theoretical achievements from foreigncountries and combined with the current status of the exploration and utilization of China’s marine resources, this paper tries to improve and extend the existingtheoretical model in order to establish the strategic supporting system of sustainabledevelopment of China’s marine economy from the perspective of dynamic analysis.Thirdly, based on the current status of supply and demand, technology, explorationand management of China’s marine resources, as well as considering the problems ofintergenerational development, this paper also tries to clarify the position of currentChina’s marine economic function, in order to seek a relative balance among thestructure and function of various elements in the system of human beings and oceans.Fourthly, based on theoretical and empirical research, the paper tries to evaluate thelevel of efficiency of China’s marine economy, as well as to make a comprehensiveand objective analysis and judgment of the influence factors. What’s more, to seek forthe optimization of the performance of China’s marine industry and the path toimprove the capacity of sustainable development of marine economy. Fifthly, basedon the references to advanced developing practice of foreign countries, the paperconcretely analyzes the strategy focus of sustainable development of China’s marineeconomy. In addition, as the core goal is to promote the sustainable development ofChina’s marine economy, also with the guidance of the sustainable developmentconcept of environmental protection and intergenerational equity, as well as with thefundamental mechanism of market adjustment, this paper tries to establish along-term mechanism with the core of improving the efficiency of marine economyand sustainable development of China’s marine economy, which works along with theguarantee of laws and regulations, as well as the support and consummation ofsupervision, encouraging and conditional supplement from the government. Lastly,based on the above research, with the framework of strategic supporting system forsustainable development of China’s marine economy, this paper provides a series ofplans, institutional arrangements and policy recommendations for sustainabledevelopment of China’s marine economy which based on the deep discussion fromthe strategy of national resource and the height of national interests. This research helps to enrich the theory of China’s marine economicdevelopment; it also has a certain practical significance to the development ofChina’s marine economy. All of which are reflected in five aspects: Firstly, thisstudy will provide an effective institutional guidance for making strategic plans forthe development of marine economy, and for establishing a long-term mechanism ofeffective protection and sustainable utilization of marine resources, as well as forimproving the comprehensive level of marine economic development and seekingfor a balanced development among the elements of the system between humanbeings and ocean. Secondly, this paper will make up the deficiency in the problemsof performance and institutional aspects of the current study on marine economicdevelopment; it also provides a new analysis of idea and method for the industrialperformance. Thirdly, it provides path selection and theoretical basis for furtheroptimization of the property rights system and ownership structure of China’srelated enterprises, as well as for improving business performance and enhancingcore competitiveness. Fourthly, it also plays a certain role in promoting the reformand development, as well as establishing modern enterprise system of thestate-owned enterprises of marine economy. Lastly, this paper provides a theoreticalbasis for formulating relevant policies by the government to promote the sustainabledevelopment of marine economy, also for the investors to correctly choose anddecide the direction of investment.