| Today, socio-economic develops rapidly in China, resources and environment problems have became a bottleneck, seriously restricting the development. It’s a pressing social problem to build a resource-saving and environment-friendly society that we have to face and solve, we should meet the resource demand for high-speed development and protect the environment at the same time, achieve sustainable development of mining.China is the main mining country in the world with a long history of mine exploitation. While, because of the lack of environmental protection consciousness, the laws or regulations about mine environmental protection are not sound, the mining technology and equipment are also outdated, which bring a heavy environmental price. Improper mining way induced a lot of mine environment problems, giving rise to the resource damage, environmental pollution and mine geological disasters. The problems also endanger the people’s life and property security, seriously affected and restricted the social economy and the mine sustainable development. With the rapid development of China’s economic, demanding for mineral resources will increasing day by day, and the scale of mine exploitation will gradually expand as well. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new methods to effectively monitor the mine environment, ensure that the environment will well protected in the process of mineral resources development.At present, remote sensing technology has entered a rapid development period, spatial resolution, spectral resolution and time resolution have been significantly improved, applications expand unceasingly. The successful applications in the field of meteorology and land use dynamic change bring new opportunities for mine environmental studies.Hubei Province has variety of mineral resources and mine types. Polymetallic ore concentration area in southeastern Hubei and phosphate ore concentration area in western Hubei cover various mining methods (underground mining, open pit mining, open-air underground combined mining) and mining environmental effects. It is an ideal area to intensively study different mine environment effects. The work of this study is relying on a project named "remote sensing survey and monitor for the key ore concentration area in Hubei province", which is carried out by China Geological Survey Bureau. This study chooses ore concentration areas in Hubei as study area, mainly discuss remote sensing method for mine environment. The author used correlation theory and research method of mine environment and remote sensing technology for reference, preliminary established basic theory and methods of mine environment monitor using remote sensing technology. Some specific problems like mine tailings, land cover change of mining activity and mine geological disaster, are also discussed.The thesis is divided into seven chapters, main content and chapters are as follows:The first chapter introduced the thesis background, summarized related articles at home and abroad, summed up the results of the current study, the existing problems and the development trends; The second chapter described the information of two typical key mineral area in Hubei Province (the southeastern Hubei metallic ore concentration area and western Hubei phosphorite concentration area), including physical geography, geology background and the status quo of mineral resources development and utilization, also clarified the main mining environmental issues; Based on the theory of mine environment, the third chapter initially established basic theory and general research methods of mine environmental remote sensing; The fourth chapter is a monographic study of tailings, established the tailings image interpretation marks and proposed automatic extraction method of tailings; Chapter fifth mainly discussed the land cover in mine development, established the image interpretation marks for different cover types, and extracted mining land information using different period images; Chapter Ⅵ is a monographic study of mine geological disasters, established the image interpretation keys and extracted subsidence area of Daguangshan Iron; Chapter Ⅶ is the conclusion and outlook of the thesis. Chapter Ⅲ to Ⅵ are the focus and the core of the thesis, research results belong to the author independently. Main academic research results and innovations are as follows:1. Initially established the basic theory and methods of the mine environmental remote sensing research. Based on the existing relevant theories, summarized the basic theory and methods of the mine environmental remote sensing research, including the concept, research contents and mechanism of mine environment remote sensing; Combined the mine environment remote sensing character and general research method of remote sensing technology, established remote sensing monitor method of mine environment, including visual interpretation, automatic classification for information extraction, application models and multi-source information synergy.2. For data characteristics used by the paper, we put forward suitable radiation correction method and image fusion method.(ⅰ) Based on characteristics of WorldView-2full-band image, we completed radiometric calibration of high resolution image, and done the atmospheric correction using FLASSH model,(ⅱ) Analysis of the traditional high spatial resolution panchromatic and multispectral image fusion model, we found that spectral mismatch is the essential factor that causes spectral distortion after image fusion. Take the integration of Hyperion and SPOT5as an example, the author proposed a new fusion model which considering the remote sensing image spectral characteristics determined by the sensor. This fusion model requires multiple bands extracted from hyperspectral image and one band extracted from multi-spectral image, ensure that the multiple bands and the one band have same spectral response range. The proposed fusion mode effectively avoided the problem of spectral distortion.3. Established the image recognition signs and automatic extraction model of tailings.(i) Discusses in detail the environmental effects of the tailings(tailings dam failure,water and soil pollution,the land occupied by the tailing dust)and tailings which are secondly developde improperly generated new problems. This paper focuses on tailings research methods appropriate to the different environmental issues.(ii) Take the typical tailings in southeastern Hu.bei (large tailings of state-owned mining and small simple tailings of private enterprise) as research object, analyzed the characteristics of composition, surface texture, structure and distribution based on the WorldView-2image, established the recognition factors of different type tailings in high resolution remote sensing image, preliminary completed the investigation of tailings in the study area,(iii) Contrasting the measured spectrum and WorldView-2image spectrum of tailing sand in Tieshan tailing, we ultimately chose the yellow and near-infrared bands to build an improved normalized tail sand index (MNDTI), and then extracted tailing information. For the "foreign objects with same spectra" problem of water-bearing sand and roofs, dry sand and mine road, we use homogeneous texture feature to solve. Finally,wu have built the model of tailing impoundment (MTI) which combining the MNDTI index and homogeneous texture feature, rapidly extracted different types of tailings in the study area, preliminary groped out the automatic extraction method of tailings information.4. Set up various types of recognition marks of the mining covering area in the remote sensing image.Based on different phase of hyperspectral and multispectral image after image fusion,we have used vegetation index and automatical classification respectively to extract the information of land occupation of mine.(ⅰ)Analyzing the remote sensing image characteristics of land occupation of mine in details, in view of the spectrum and texture feature of land types in the image, we have set up the remote sensing image recognition marks respectively.(ⅱ)In the images after fusion, vegetation region, vegetation destruction area and the nonvegetated area have large difference both in spectral and texture. Especially in the43th band of near infrared spectral range and the27th band of the red spectral, grey value is different more apparently. Therefore, we have choosen the43th and27th band to establish new vegetation index, adopting the method of density slice to extract the information of land occupation of mine.(ⅲ)In order to use the fused image spectral information and texture information maximizely, the article takes the computer automatic classification method to classify the image, gain the information of land occupation of mine. Based on the49bands after fusion, using supervised classification to extract the information of vegetation deterioration, we found land occupation of mine and the classification of chaos in city is less, and the application effect is remarkable.5. According to the characteristics of different mine geology disaster and their image characteristics, the author set up the identification mark in remote sensing image of the mine geological disaster. Taking Daguangshan iron mining area as an example, we adopt multi-source information synergy method to extract the area of the subsidence,(i) Disaster-forming conditions of mine geological disasters are analyzed in detail like geology, landform, hydrogeologic conditions, human factors and triggering factors. The study builds the interpretation keys for mining subsidence, such as ground fissure, landslide, collapse and debris flow, and also discusses their developing conditions on the typical geological disasters in this area.(ii)Taking Daguangshan iron mining area as the research object, the study adopts the method of multi-source information synergy to extract the subsidence area of the image in different time(SPOT5、SPOT4、 QuickBird and Worldview-2), drawing the general conclusions by multiphase image monitoring that the rules for the collapse occurred is:a. the area of the subsidence slope is between4°and30°, subsidence peripheral slope is0, the difference of the two area is obvious; b. the sunny slope is more likely to collapse than the shady slope; c. through the statistics of its gray value distribution,we found that the value reduced gradually from the centre to the edge, the circle around the subsidence is broken, and it’s easy to distinguish with the periphery.The investigation and monitoring of mine environment by remote sensing is a cross science, involving the theories and methods of Geology, Geography, Environmental science, image processing and so on, which has a strong subject crossing and prospective. The study makes a primary discussion on the theories and methods of the investigation and monitoring of mine environment by remote sensing. In the study of mine environment specific elements, due to objective conditions, only tailings mining, mine land occupation and mine geological disasters are studied. In practical applications, there are still some key technologies and theoretical issues need to further study, meanwhile, we also need to further expand the scope of study of mine environmental elements, such as soil pollution, ecological destruction, etc. |
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