Villages Reconstruction System Based On Urban And Rural Areas

With the development of urbanization and industrialization, the raising of the cost and more difficult of configuration in the operation of the facility construction are caused by the large outflow of the rural labor force in the less developed areas, which infers the urgent requirement for reconstruction of traditional rural settlement. The Xianyang city is used as an example based on this purpose, and five typical towns are selected to obtain information through interviews, surveys and field reconnaissance. And an analysis is made from four aspects which include population, facilities, land and the rural construction. And the functions, size and spatial layout of rural settlements are analysed from the historical evolution and current status characteristics. The three levels of hierarchy, the theoretical model of appropriate scale, the predictive computational model of scale, the model of spatial layout and the process of hierarchy reconstruction are proposed.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1) The problems are proposed based on the evaluation of development in rural settlement. The scale of rural settlements in hilly gully area and mountainous area small, and the spatial layout is scattered. And the difficulties of normal operation in configuration and facility are caused by the reduction of the resident population. And the idle of rural homestead and the abandonment of cultivated land are widespread.(2) The hierarchy of rural settlement is not consummate, but to achive the perfect system is come across a problem of the reduction in population, therefore, the hierarchy of rural settlement needs to reconstruct. And the demand of the rural residents in facilities, the scale of population in the scope of rural settlement, and the traffic conditions in supplementary area are the affecting factions of the functions in rural settlement. And the three levels of hierarchy including key towns-central communities-general communities is put forward to reconstruct the hierarchy.(3) From the view point of perspective of agricultural income, the facilities cost-benefit, and the comparision of farming costs and facilities costs, the theoretical model of appropriate scale is proposed. The evolution process of rural settlement in scale are divided into three stages which including the rapid growth stage, the slow growth stage and the rapid declince stage. And the growth rate of the population, the area of cultivated land, the productivity of arable land, and the behavior of by-business of farmers are the affecting factions of the total size in rural settlement. And the threshold population of the public service facilities and the farming radius are the affecting factions of the scale of the hierarchy in rural settlement. The method for carring capacity of cultivated land is proposed to predict the the scale of rural settlement, and the predictive computational model of scale is proposed. According to the threshold population of the public service facilities, the minimum scale of the rural settlement is proposed. The minimum scale in the hilly and gully region and mountainous area of key towns is20,000, the minimum scal of central communities is4500, and the minimum scal of general communities is1500. And the minimum scale in plain area of key towns is30,000, the minimum scal of central communities is20,000, and the minimum scal of general communities is3,000.(4) Under the evolution simulation of spatial layout in rural settlement, the evolution process is divided into3stages which including the stage of water source directivity, the stage of changing from water source directivity to cultivated land directivity, and the stage from cultivated land directivity to traffic directivity. The natural conditions, farming radius, economic threshold of facilities, traffic conditions, the income constitute of farmers and social factors are the affecting factions of the spatial layout in rural settlement. The evolution trend of rural settlements in future is traffic directivity and facilities directivity, and the centralized residence should be put into effected. The mode of spatial layout in rural settlement should be constructived based on the principle of farming radius and the service scope of public facilities. The farming radius should be within five kilometers. And the scope of public facilities in the hilly and gully area in central communities is2km, and in general communities is0.7km. And the scope of public facilities in mountainous area in central communities is3km, and in general communities is1.5km. And three modes of relocation in rural settlement are put forward which include the pattern of overall relocation and migration, the pattern of partially retained rectification, and the pattern of keeping whole settlement and developing. Finally, the seven patterns of spatial layout and ten patterns of specific layout are proposed.(5) The practice process of the hierarchy in rural settlement is put forward based on the theoretical discussion. And the process is as follows:the selection of location for the concentrated area-the confirming of villages in relocating and retaining-the confirming of the spatial layout-the verification and revising by total population and the minimum population-the final confirming of the hierarchy in rural settlement. And the confirming of spatial layout is based on the farming radius, the villages in relocation and retaining, and the range of services in the concentrated residential areas. And the process of it is that confirming the level of town-determining whether to build center of community-determining whether to build the general community-the preliminary construction of the hierarchy of rural settlement.