Study On The Ecological Construction Of Stations In A High Altitude Region Of Tibet

To both achieve the goal of Projects in Soldiers’Interest in Snowy Fields and solve the urgent issues which high-altitude stations in Tibet are facing in ecological construction, we focused mainly on coupling the demands in the ecological construction of high-altitude stations of Tibet with the current ecological theory and technology. We studied the ecological construction of navigation, radar, and communications stations in high-altitude areas of Tibet by means of documentary materials collection, field research, field testing, computer simulation, theoretical system construction, and case study, covering multiple aspects including building environment, solar energy utilization, ecological construction technology strategies, and evaluation method of the ecological construction. Main work completed and the results achieved are as follows.First of all, the experimental study on ergonomics of staff under the conditions of comfortable indoor thermal environment was conducted at a high altitude of5300m and a medium altitude of3550m, by comparing the effect of altitude on typing correct rate. The results show a significant difference.A field study on human thermal comfort of relocated was conducted in high-altitude low-pressure areas, in naturally ventilated passive solar houses located at nearly5000m. The thermal-neutral indoor-air temperature calculated by thermal sensation votes (TSV) was19.42℃(Icl=1.0clo); and the thermal-comfort indoor-air temperature ranged from14.25℃to24.60℃(Icl=1.0clo), which is quite different from that observed in other similar thermal comfort studies. The regression equation is:TSV-0.0966Tα-1.6452. A field testing study on indoor thermal environment and thermal engineering performance of existing buildings was carried out in high altitude areas. It was found that the most important characteristic of indoor thermal environment in high altitude areas was air humidity remarkably low relative to the recognized standard (ISO7730). Field test of exterior wall heat transfer coefficient and other basic parameters had been completed in high altitude areas. The relationship between the exterior wall heat transfer coefficient and outdoor humidity was as follows: K=5×10-6φ4-0.0009φ3+0.0593φ2-1.6327φ+16.795. Based on the test results of the thermal performance of existing buildings, the intensity of solar radiation, and the field study outcome of body thermal-comfort temperature in a wide range, we concluded that solar energy heating is applicable in the high altitude areas in Tibet.Environmental monitoring of station buildings in high altitude areas of Tibet was carried out. The first-hand data of environmental impact assessment were obtained, which included the volume and the composition of domestic solid waste of station buildings and the per capita daily water consumption, waste water per capita, and environmental noise. The solid waste per capita output was1.257kg/d, and daily water consumption of a person was 26.0L/d. By the analysis of the data, the impact on the surrounding environment was quantitatively assessed. After a field survey of the natural environment in high-altitude areas, tests of the station building environmental factors, and research on the passive utilization of local renewable energy--solar energy, we proposed that ecological buildings should be the development trend of the station buildings in high altitude areas, and we also developed a technological strategic system for ecological buildings in high altitude areas based on the passive utilization of solar energy.The existing green/ecological building evaluation systems can not be directly applied to the evaluation of ecological construction of stations in high altitude areas. We modified the evaluation index selection and established an evaluation mathematics model for the ecological construction of stations in high altitude areas of Tibet. The case study results indicated that this evaluation method can be more accurate applied to the ecological construction of stations in a high altitude area, with the subjective weighting that affects the accuracy of current evaluation methods effectively solved.The above studies showed that adopting a passive utilization of solar energy technology as the basis of the eco-technology for construction of ecological stations is necessary and feasible in a high altitude area of Tibet. At the same time, the use of eco-technology solutions to many ecological and environmental problems which the stations construction is facing in a high altitude area of Tibet is of great theoretical and practical values in the protection of physical and mental health of personnel in the stations, improving work efficiency, protecting unique ecosystem in the high altitude areas of Tibet.These studies provide the theoretical foundation and practical technology for the ecological stations design, implementation and evaluation in a high altitude area of Tibet. Meanwhile, they provide useful references for that the ecological construction of other buildings in this areas, promote the theory of ecological construction and environmental protection in depth research and further development.