Variations Over Time And Across Different Parts Of Tree And Selection Of Optimum Individual Plant From Main Components Of Different Chemical Types Oil In C. Camphora

Cinnamomum camphora is a valuable tree that can be used for timber, medicine, fragrantingredients, oils, gardening and landscape. However, since Cinnamomum camphora nowadaysplanted are mostly not genetically improved, the oil contents in their leaves and branches are lowand the contents of the effective ingredients are uneven. Therefore, the quantity and the quality ofcamphor oil output are severely affected, and so is the economic income of Cinnamomumcamphora. Regarding that situation, using GC/MS instrument, this study examines thecomposition of the chemicals in Cinnamomum camphora and the variations of contents of thesechemicals over time and across different parts of three chemical types of Cinnamomumcamphora (Cineol type, Camphor type and Iso-nerolidol type respectively). Based on the resultsof the examination, the oil-rich and high quality individual plants are selected in order to providethe basis for genetical improvements and oriented cultivation. The present study is ofsignificance for providing better varieties of Cinnamomum camphora for various industriesincluding perfume industry. The major results of the study are as follows:1. The optimization of the conditions for extracting Cinnamomum camphora leaves oil: theoptimum conditions were ditermined through one-factor test and then the three-factor andthree-level’s response surface analysis (RSA): the time span for extracting was65min; thewater:material ratio was12.5:1; the extraction power was set at1200W. Under these conditions,oil extracting rate of the sample of leaves which were collected in May was2.14%.2. The composition of the chemical components in Cinnamomum camphora oil extracted inleaves: In Cineol type,39different components were identified. Among these, there are8components whose contents were all above1%; In Camphor type,47different components wereidentified. Among these, there are9components whose contents were all above1%; InIso-nerolidol type,40different components were identified. Among these, there are9components whose contents were all above1%. Found out16components owned by all amongthree chemical types, but the special components, Cineol type was9components, Camphor typeand Iso-nerolidol type were separately12components.3. The yearround time variation of the average oil yield in leaves: The rate of oil yield ofCineol type leaves and that rate of Camphor type leaves vary over a year both in a roughly sametrend which consists of three phases: drastically ascending phase, March to May; slowlyascending and plateau phase, June to July; descending phase, August to the next growth period.The oil yield of Cineol type reaches highest level in July, the optimum time interval forharvesting oil. For Camphor type, the highest oil yield is in May and July, and these two monthsare optimum time for harvesting. The variation trend of oil yield from Iso-nerolidol type consists of two phases: One. gradually ascending phase, March to September, in which Septemberwitnesses highest oil yield and therefore is the best time for harvesting; Two. gradually decliningphase, October to the next growth period. The trends of variations of leaves oil yield from threechemical types of Camphor type are different. However, they still share some similarities: allthree types get higher oil yields in growth periods and lower yields in non-growth periods.4. The yearround time variation of main components in leaves oil: In Cineol type,20maincomponents were identified in different growth periods. Among these, there are8maincomponents were identified in different growth periods, Others were identified in few growthperiods or were not identified; In Camphor type,13main components were identified in differentgrowth periods. Among these, there are9main components were identified in different growthperiods, Others were identified in few growth periods or were not identified; In Iso-nerolidol type,21main components were identified in different growth periods. Among these, there were9maincomponents were identified in different growth periods, Others were identified in few growthperiods or were not identified.5. The yearround time variation of main compontents contents in leaves oil: Changes ofmain components contents from three chemical types leaves oils were different, Changes of eachmain components contents have their change laws. Aiming at each main components for harvest,The picking period of it was not the same.6. Correlation analyses and Biomass and their proportion of different parts from threechemical types: No significant difference of growth and fresh weight of different parts from threechemical types; Significant difference of different plants and different parts oil yield from threechemical types; After the analyses, we found no big correlation between tree height, crownamplitude and fresh weigh of different parts (leaf, current year shoot, old branch, stem, tap rootand lateral root) across three chemical types in C. camphora. But there was very big correlationwith ground diameter, and correlation reached the significant level. Fresh weight of differentplants and different parts oil yield from three chemical types, which almost reached Significantlyor extremely significantly. Growth traits and oil yield from three chemical types, which almostreached Significantly or extremely significantly.7. The variations of average oil yield in different parts from three chemical types: Differentparts from the same chemical types, The average oil content of tap root and lateral root reachedthe highest, The average oil content of leaf and stem reached the higher, but the average oilcontent of current year shoot and old branch were the lowest;The same parts from differentchemical types: The highest parts of the average oil content of current year shoot, old branch, taproot and lateral root separately were Camphor type. However, The highest of the average oilcontent of leaf and stem were Cineol type, The higher of the average oil yield of leaf and stemwere C amphor type, and then the lowest was Isonerolidol type; The total average oil yield of sixparts from the same chemical types, Camphor type> Cineol type> Isonerolidol type. Due to theoil content of root and leaf was similar, In the course of refining, it used to utilize leaves,Extracting essential oil by coppice homework was scientific and reasonable. So it could achieve the purpose of development and utilization, and could realize the sustainable utilization ofCinnamomum camphora.8. The compositions and contents of compontents in different parts oil from three chemicaltypes: Six different parts oil of Cineol type（leaf, current year shoot, old branch, stem, tap rootand lateral root）were separately identified and analyzed:41,37,37,27,31and31compontents,and their contents separately reached on91.21%,88.88%,90.04%,87.83%,95.14%and93.60%;Six different parts oil of Camphor type（leaf, current year shoot, old branch, stem, tap root andlateral root）were separately identified and analyzed:46,43,44,29,25and25compontents, andtheir contents separately reached on90.48%,89.44%,89.70%,95.27%,89.91%and88.21%; Sixdifferent parts oil of Iso-nerolidol type（leaf, current year shoot, old branch, stem, tap root andlateral root）were separately identified and analyzed:41,51,51,41,39and39components, andtheir contents separately reached on94.05%,90.05%,91.24%,94.50%,92.64%and91.86%. andtypical components space change rule existed differences.9. The variations of main components in defferent parts oil from three chemical types:Number of main component of different parts oil from the same chemical type. Number of maincomponents of six different parts of Cineol type（leaf, current year shoot, old branch, stem, taproot and lateral root）were separately:10,12,12,12,5and6; Camphor type were separately:11,12,12,11,6and6; Isonerolidol type were separately:10,13,13,8,6and6. Number of the same partoil from the diferent chemical types. leaf: Cineol type oil has10compontents, Camphor type oilhas11compontents, Isonerolidol type oil has10compontents. Current year shoot: Cineol type oilhas12compontents, Camphor type oil has12compontents, Isonerolidol type oil has13compontents Old branch: Cineol type oil has12compontents, Camphor type oil has12compontents, Isonerolidol type oil has13compontents. Stem: Cineol type oil has12compontents,Camphor type oil has11compontents, Isonerolidol type oil has8compontents. Tap root: Cineoltype oil has5compontents, Camphor type oil has6compontents, Isonerolidol type oil has6compontents. Lateral root: Cineol type oil has6compontents, Camphor type oil has6compontents, Isonerolidol type oil has6compontents.10. Main compontents and variations of their contents in different parts oil from threechemical types: Number of main components of different parts oil from Cineol type have12components, which the contents above10%have three components. Cineol: leaf>current yearshoot>old branch>stem>tap root>lateral root; α-terpineol: leaf> current year shoot>old branch>stem>tap root>lateral root；Safrene: tap root>lateral root> stem>old branch>current year shoot>leaf. Main components of different parts oil from Camphor type have12compontents, which thecontents above10%have two compontents. Camphor: leaf> current year shoot>old branch>stem>lateral root>tap root; Safrene:tap root>lateral root>stem>old branch>leaf>current yearshoot. Main components of different parts oil from Isonerolidol type have13compontents,whichthe contents above10%have four compontents. Isonerolidol: leaf>old branch>current yearshoot>stem>tap root>lateral root; Cineole: old branch>current year shoot>leaf>stem>tap root>lateral root;3-Methyl-2-butenoic acid,cyclobutyl ester: leaf>current year shoot>old branch> stem>tap root>lateral root; Safrene: Tap root>lateral root>stem>current year shoot>old branch>leaf.11. Selection of optimum individual plant: Based on oil content and main compontentscontents, the grading stardards for three chemical types were established to select superior plantsfor each of three chemical types, One plant was selected from Cineol type, two plants wereselected from Camphor type, One plant was selected from Isonerolidol type.