Silage Characteristics Of Different Pinat Communities Grass On Hulunbuir Prairie

To learn the silage features of hulunbuir prairie grass, a total of32forage materials were collected from9places (Hailaer, Yakeshi, Genhe, Eerguna, Manzhouli, Old Barag Banner, New Barag Right Banner,New Barag Left Banner and Ewenkezizhiqi), including19families and98species. The different plantcommunities grass in hulunbuir prairie were chosen to determine the characteristics of silagemicroorganisms and fermentation quality, and main conclusions are as follows:1. The number and species of microorganism on the raw materials and in silage varied intensely.Counts (10~2～10~7cfu/g FM) of adnascent lactic acid bacteria on silage materials were too much lessthan that of harmful microorganisms. The descending order of variation of microorganism countsamong different silage materials was lactic acid bacteria, coliform bacteria, aerobic bacteria, yeast andmold. The number of lactic acid bacteria was from10~4to10~8cfu/g FM, but coliform bacteria wasdetected only in eight silages..2. One hundred and thirty-three lactic acid bacteria strains were isolated from silage materials andsilage. These strains belonged to twenty-eight species of eight genuses, including L. plantarum, L.paraplantarum, L. brevis, L. sanfranciscensis, L. saniviri, L. casei, L. graminis, W. viridescens, W.confusa, W. hellenica, Exiguobacterium indicum, Carnobacterium divergens, P. pentosaceus, P.acidilactici, Le. citreum, Le. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides, L. lactis subsp. lactis, L. lactis, E.sulfurous, E. faecalis, E. termites, E. moraviensis, E. gallinarum, E. pallens, E. mundtii, Enterococcushirae, E. durans and E. faecium, and number of L. plantarum, L. brevis, P. pentosaceus, P. Acidilacticiand E. faecalis was significant. In addition, strains DMB23and DME65belonged to Lactobacillus, thestrain DMA37belonged to Lactococcus, but these three lactic acid bacteria were not identified tospecies level.3. Eight lactic acid bacteria strains DMC80、DMG5、DMB25、DMB28、DMH20、DMA22、DMF14and DME14were screened for their quicker acid-production rate, and L. plantarum DMC80, L.paraplantarum DMG5and L.saniviri DMH20had more quicker acid-production rate and growthspeed than other strains.4. The silage nutrient quality can be better when its moisture content was from65%to70%. Afterensilage, the dry matter loss rate was from7.94%to15.44%, and the decomposition rate of watersoluble carbohydrates was from41.65%to64.20%.5. The sensory evaluation score of silage was from41to78points, and can be divided into threelevels: excellent (including two materials), good (including twenty-seven materials) and moderate(including three materials). The score of organic acid content was from16to100points, and the silagequality was divided into four grades: high(including sixteen materials), good (including eight materials),qualified(including seven materials) and failed(including only one material). The higher score oforganic acid content in silage was, the lower pH value was. The evaluation score of ammonia nitrogencontent was from13to50points, and can be divided into four grades: high (including eleven materials),good (including thirteen materials), general (including six materials) and passably (including two materials). The pH value showed a highly significant positive correlation with acetic acid, butyric acid,and ammonia nitrogen content (P＜0.01). There was a highly significant negative correlation betweenlactic acid content and ammonia nitrogen content, so was water soluble carbohydrates content and crudeprotein content (P＜0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between acetic acid and ammonianitrogen content(P＜0.05).6. The results of comprehensive evaluation about nutritional quality of silage from different grasscommunities were similar to the evaluation of organic acid content. The nutritional quality was better ingrass silage of L. chinensis dominated communities (No.22), with higher lactic acid content and lowerpH value, no butyric acid and higher WSC contents. But the nutritional quality was relatively poor ingrass silage of Vicia amoena dominated communities (No.3). More than94%of grass silage fromgramineae herbage dominated communities can be successful, and90%of grass silage from leguminousherbage dominated communities can succeed.