Effccts Of Types And Rates Of Nitrogen Fertilizers On Yield Of Different Wheat And Maize Varieties And Conrresponding Water And Nitrogen Use Efficiencies

Results are summarized for a3-years experiment with3nitrogen input types (organic N; inorganicN; organic N combined with inorganic N) and6input rates (0,45,90,120,180,240kg/ha) in4different winter wheat (JM19, KN9204, SM15, WM8) and4summer maize varieties (LN14, NE9,XY335, ZN99) based on the5-years fertilizer experiment to study the effects of N input types and rateson grain yield and quality, water and nitrogen use efficiencies of different wheat and maize varieties.The results showed that:1. Combined with lower inorganic N (<180kg/ha in wheat and <120kg/ha in maize), higherorganic N could get higher yield, but combined with higher inorganic N, there was no significantdifference between different organic N. And combined with lower organic N input, yield differencebetween different inorganic N was larger, while combined with higher organic N input, yield differencebetween different inorganic N was smaller. Grain yield of organic and inorganic N combined appliedwas higher than that in the treatments with same rate of org N single applied and which was lower thanthe same rate of inorg N single applied; In wheat and maize, the relationship between grain yield andinorg N rates could been expressed in the equation of Line+plateau model, the intercept value waslarger with higher org N combined, while the plateau yield was not significantly different, and theoptimum N rate (critical rate of fertilization) was smaller with higher organic N combined. Thesereplace rule (org N single applied=1/3inorg N; org N combined applied=1/2inorg N; in wheat) and(org N single applied=1/2inorg N; org N combined applied=100%inorg N; in maize) can been used toquantify the effects of different nitrogen types and rates on wheat and maize grain yield.2. With the same N input rate=240kg/ha of three different N input types in wheat and maize,0/240(org N/inorg N, kg/ha) had the same plant N uptake (Nup), N harvest index(NHI), nitrogen agronomicefficiency (AE), partial factor productivity (PFP), recovery efficiency (RE), physiological efficiency(PE) and internal nitrogen efficiency (IE) as these in120/120; and Nupof0/240and120/120was largerthan that in240/0, NHI, PE, IE in0/240and120/120was smaller than that in240/0. In wheat, AE, PFP,RE of0/240and120/120was larger than that in240/0, in maize, AE and PFP was not significantdifferent between0/240,120/120,240/0, while RE of0/240and120/120was larger than that in240/0.3. When total N applied was not higher than90kg/ha,0-100cm and0-200cm soil profile had thelower Nmin accumulation in wheat harvest (60and150kg/ha) and maize harvest (80and140kg/ha).When inorganic N=240kg/ha,0-100cm and0-200cm soil Nmin accumulation was150kg/ha and300kg/ha in wheat harvest;260kg/ha and600kg/ha in maize harvest. With the same N input rate inwheat and maize,45/45had the same soil Nmin accumulation as0/90, while0/240>120/120>240/0. Inwheat and maize, with three different N input types, higher N input had higher0-100cm soil Nminapparent loss. Different N input types and rates had significant effects on0-100cm soil Nmin apparentbalance. In wheat,0/0,0/45,45/0had the negative balance;0/90and45/45could get0-100cm soilNmin balance with f10%;0/120,120/0,0/240,120/120,240/0had positive balance; in maize,0/0,0/45, 0/90,0/120,45/0,45/45had the negative balance;120/0,120/120,0/240,240/0could get0-100cm soilNmin balancef10%.4. Soil water content was not significantly different between different fertilization in maize harvest(before wheat sowing) while which was significantly different in wheat harvest (before maize sowing).In wheat and maize, the treatments of organic N single applied had the highest water content and thenorganic+inorganic N combined, the water content of these two were higher than that in inorganic Nsingle applied. In wheat, higher N had higher water use. In maize, the difference of water use betweenfertilization was smaller than that in wheat. Soil water storage change from sowing to harvest wasnegative in wheat and positive in maize and there was no markedly soil water storage change inwheat-maize rotation. In wheat, with the same N input rates, WUE of45/0,120/0,240/0,45/45weresignificantly lower than that in0/45,0/120,0/240,0/90. While120/120and0/240had the same WUE.In maize, with the same N input rates, WUE of45/0,120/0,240/0were lower than that in0/45,0/120,0/240and there was no significant difference between45/45and0/90,120/120and0/240.5. The inrog N single applied treatments of0/180and0/240had the maximal grain yield and thebest grain quality, which also were in the org+inorg N combined applied treatment of120/120, Withorganic N single applied,45/0,120/0,240/0had the lowest grain yield and quality compared to thetreatments with the same N input rate of inorg N single applied and org+inorg N combined. In maize,the content of crude protein and lysine was highest in the treatments of0/180,0/240,120/120; thecontent of raw starch was highest in the treatment of0/90. All the treatments of fertilization had thesame crude fat content.6. Grain yield was significantly different between varieties, in wheat SM15>KN9204>JM19>WM8; in maize, XY335>ZN99>LN14>NE9. SM15and XY335had the highest Nup, NHI, AE, PFP, RE,PE and IE. WM8had the lowest Nup, AE, PFP, RE, PE, IE except the NHI, and NE9had the lowest Nup,NHI, AE, PFP, RE, PE, IE. Wheat and maize varieties had no significant effects on0-100cm soil Nminapparent balance.0-100cm soil Nmin apparent loss was not different between4wheat varieties, but inmaize the highest Nmin loss was in ZN99and then NE9, LN14and XY335had the lowest Nmin loss.Wheat and maize varieties had no significant effects on apparent water use. In wheat, SM15andKN9204had the highest WUE, and then JM19, WM8had the lowest WUE. In maize, XY335had thehighest WUE and then LN14and ZN99, NE9had the lowest WUE. The content of crude protein, wetgluten and water absorption in SM15was smaller than that in WM8, while sedimentation value,development time and stability time in SM15was higher than that in WM8. LN14had the higher rawstarch and crude fat content than the other maize varieties, XY335had the higher crude protein and rawstarch content, ZN99and NE9had the higher crude protein and crude fat content.