Research Fifteenth Century Ming Dynasty Literature

The researches on Ming Dynasty of15th century literature mainly refer to Ming Hui Emperor Jianwen Dynasty (1399-1402), Ming Cheng Emperor Yongle Dynasty(1403-1424),Ming Ren Emperor Hongxi Dynasty(1425), Ming Xuan Emperor Xuande Dynasty(1426-1435), Ming Ying Emperor Zhengtong Dynasty (1436-1449),Ming Dai Emperor Jingtai Dynasty(1450-1457),Ming Ying Emperor Tianshun Dynasty (1457-1464), Ming Xian Emperor Chenghua Dynasty (1465-1487),Ming Xiao Emperor Hongzhi Dynasty(1488-1505) in Ming Dynasty. Since the characteristic of literary development is impossibly diametrically dictated, researches are off limits beyond the time of the15th century, when they are combined with the growth of a lot of writers and the special nature of the works of generations. Under the background of political rule and ideological control of the monarchy to strengthen, this period of the Ming Dynasty to Zhengtong Fourteen years (1449)"Tu Mubao" entered its turning point. Emperor’s ruling slacked while eunuch strengthened and the Cabinet leadership weakened. The dynasty’s controlling declined, Chen Bai-sha’s appeared in Confucianism, and social atmosphere changed,literati mentality generated the centrifugal force of dynasty. Literature for literature’s own styles, ideas, the author identity, experience, creative attitude and the social environment influenced, such as various stylistic, have experienced different development outlook under the influence of many factors.In terms of poetry and prose, from extolling the nation of the peace and prosperity of the officialece style in Yongle and Zhengtong Dynasty, to the officers of Chaling Group literati paying attention to naive interest and no-officers of the Chen-Chuang Group literati paying attention to naturally true in the Chenghua and Hongzhi Dynasty, and at the same time there appeared other personalized writers, such as Yu Qia、Guo Teng、Han Yong. Poetry changed to personal temperament.In terms of Ci and Sanqu, this period was overall more silent because of the losing of its sense of frustration and discontent. But Ci and Sanqu, as Chen Duo, Mahong, Shen Zhou,Tang Yin gradually improved in the Chenghua and Hongzhi Dynasty. In the process of development in this period, the boundaries between Ci and Sanqu gradually faded.In terms of fiction, there appeared novels such as Jiang Daqi’s "Three Kingdoms Criticizing " criticizing historical novels, classical short stories such as Li Changqi’s "Jian Deng Yu Hua" and Zhao Bi "Xiao Pin Ji", classical novella such as Li Changqi’s "Jia Yunhua Resurrection" and Qiu Jun’s" Zhong Qing Li Ji". This period novel creation and criticism has not only promoted the development of the novel but also interacted with the opera. Fiction influenced further.In terms of opera, the influence of Southern Opera gradually expanded as the miscellaneous drama gradually formed the court,prince mansion, literary attendants. On the basis of standardized lessons miscellaneous drama, Qiu Jun’s "Wu Lun Quan Bei Ji" and Shao Can’s "Xiang Nang Ji" marked the Southern Opera evolution to Ming Romance in Chenghua and Hongzhi Dynasty. Ming legend gradually became the representative of the Ming and Qing opera. During this process, the Southern Opera’s gradually became civilian literati literature and an important literary style.The regional Prince identity was special and did not belong to a class of self-contained.Sanqu of Zhu Youdun and Zhu Quan were more elegant. Their miscellaneous drama were more festive celebration, mythology and morality, affecting more of order, superior life and avoiding from reality.Attaching great importance to the global focus in literariness,literary criticism and communication, studying of15th century literature in the Ming Dynasty imitates, adapts and preserves literature of previous generations. At the same time, there are cultivation to later writers, inspired literary theory as well as leading to literary creation. In this process, both literary internal development of various characteristics are not consist, and the overall literary aesthetic has a general tendency from the aristocrat and civilian aesthetic towards literati aesthetic. In the process of author’s personality with time of modern society and literature standardization, the literati literature gradually developed. The strong color of aristocrat and civil rough gradually receded so that there are more literary and aesthetic characteristics.The literature of the period, of course, existed many deficiencies. However, the development of literature is neither a simple "evolution" nor the artistic level of determinism. Studying literature with "compassion", by investigating the social environment, the individual identity and experience of writers, there are the inheritance of literary evolution and development significance. All kinds of writers and works in literary field have both features of the era and the heritance of the literary development.