Rheological Study From Bianwen To Yuan Ming Words Of Style

To center around stylistic theory and start from Bianwen,the subject of "the changing style From Bian Wen to Ci Hua in the Yuan and Ming dynasty" are intended to analyse the influence of bianwen style,which discussing the style evolution process From Bian Wen to Ci Hua in the Yuan and Ming dynasty and the intrinsic cultural factors of this evolution process. Storytelling has a long history in our country, and its origin can be traced back to ancient ballads and myths, legends, but afforded a magnificent view in the tang dynasty and flourished in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing, to become a literary form side by side with the classical literature. Since Dunhuang manuscripts are be found in Dunhuang sarcophagus hundreds years ago, bianwen make up the shortage of storytelling before tang dynasty literature and has provided extremely valuable historical materials for research. As an important one of Dunhuang Studies, Bianwen research have made fruitful achievements, which focused on it’s name, system, classification, sorting, collectting, collating and single document of bianwen,while the research Angle is to be updated. Therefore, this subject has important significance Chinese folk literature even to the history of ancient literature in China.This thesis consists of seven chapters.The first chapter is introduction, in which mainly expounded the research goal and significance of this study, analyzes its current research situation and put forward the innovation of this paper.The second part analyzes the stylistic characteristics of Bian Wen and Huaben in the Tang Dynasty.1、The appearance of Bian Wen in the Tang Dynasty is a major innovation in the history of Chinese ancient style,which manifest as new structure, language and style, and provide typical model for the evolution of sing-speaking literary of later ages.2、Absorbing style characteristics of Chinese-translated Buddhist scripture and inheriting Chinese ancient inherent literary forms, BianWen shows the characteristic of "embodying diversiform styles". The prose part of BianWen contains Fu style, Parallel style, historical and biographic literature, application style and so on. Seven-words is the main sentence pattern of libretto in BianWen and the sentence pattern also contains three-, four-, five-, six-words etc, whose style is approximate to GeXing. The prose-verse form of BianWen is based on the dual influence of Chinese Fu style and Chinese-translated Buddhist scripture.3、Based on popular "SuJiang"and"ZhuanBian", the idea content of BianWen is easy to understand,and reflect the characteristics of the secularization,with it’s loyal and filial concept and description of heaven and hell.The language of BianWen is popularity too,with largely using colloquialism, idiom,and so on.4、With regard to the content, the narrative space of Bianwen mainly consist of region and scene. The main manifestations of narrative specialization in Bianwen are scenes, among them, the most prominent are fighting scenes between gods and ghosts traveling hell scenes and military campaigns scenes. Directive Statements are used to achieve space conversion of Bianwen narrative,and the relationship between these spaces are paralle. The characteristic of spatialization in Bianwen has a profound effect on Baihua novels some time after that.5、The scripts for story-telling in the Tang Dynasty form a connecting link between the preceding and the following in the history of styles, for it is not only absorbed rich nutriment from Bianwen and folk story-telling,such as its compatible system with literary composition in rhyme and prose, great sprawling narratives and SuJiang ceremony,but also has some effects on Song script for story-telling,such as subject choosing, took shape and improvement of writing technique,and so on.Chapter three mainly discusses "storytelling" skills in Song and Yuan Dynasties and Cihua style.1、That JiangShi Pinghua in the Song and Yuan Dynasty sign poetry into history is the echo of The Book of Songs and Chuci tradition, and is that storytellers intended to show their erudition, not only improving the status of popular novel in literary hall, but also judging right and wrong and showing Advising Kindness and Punishing Evil.2、Entertainment in Song Yuan Novel Story-Telling Scripts is displayed by pretending to be breathtaking pen, Shiqi, rhyme insertion and so on. Punishing function shows up in advocating loyalty and filial piety, proclaiming Good and evil have their own rewards, leaving home to practice of the Buddhist and Taoist spirit. Even beyond the scope of the feudal ethics, the spirits carry out a bold criticism to fatuous Song-Yuan officials, emphasizes the young men and women to pursue love and the rebellion of the feudal ethics, and reflect the emerging thought tendency of citizen in Song-Yuan period.3、The word "XinHua" in the "Zui Weng Tan Lu"is similar to "XinYu", which means "Old words new to say" and novelist words to collect old news and anecdotes. It’s style can be traced to Lu Jia’s "Xin Yu" during the Han dynasty, but it mainly learns from the style of "Shi Shuo Xin Yu" and provide master copies for storytelling artists to optional stitch and speak new stories temporarily.4、Named Shi Hua,Da Tang San Zang Qu Jing Shi Hua relate to the system of Ben Shi Shi and Liu Yi Shi Hua, and so on. It is reference to the stylistic features of the Shuo Bu, absorbing Bian Wen’s system factors, and have a breakthrough and innovation with space transformation to narrative, which displayed different styles.5、There were not text to spread in the Yuan Dynasty,but it is kept in Yuan-Zaju largly and very popular at that time,It inherited from Ciwen during the Tang Dynasty and Taozhen in the Song Dynasty,which innovated sentence pattern,and extend its functions,so it is significant to the Yuan-zaju.Chapter four mainly discusses the style of Cihua in the Ming Dynasty.1、With the annotations of Taozhen and it’s reading of relevant documents, analysing it’s emerge and evolution,this paper holds that Taozhen which related to Taoism appeared first as Talking-Singing Arts in the Song Dynasty. Inheriting、developing and innovating Taozhen in the Song Dynasty,there is cross-relationship between Taozhen in the Yuan、Ming and Qing Dynasty and Tanci、Cihua、Drama and Novel.2、Mangci is a general term to telling and singing literature which is popular in folk for it is sang by blind men,but it beyond the limitations of them,for its songbooks can be read for pastime, even literary person enjoy themselves laugh at themselves by it. It is regarded as unrefined book and has been discriminated and banned, for it is understandable with seven-word sentence and others,but this is why so many people like it.3、The literary style formation of Li Dai Shi Lue Ci Hua goes through long time history accumulation and based on Bianwen in tang dynasty, storytelling art in Song Dynast and Yuan-Zaju. Its format of beginning and end Learn from Yazuowen and Jiezuowen in Bianwen,and its Compiling means according to the ancient books and records and formulaic expressions Learn from storytelling art in Song Dynast,and the verse of Zanshizi Learn from Yuan-Zaju directly.So it has dual meaning of inheriting and creating in the history of saying and singing literature style.4、In the Ming dynasty, the meaning of "TanCi" is changing, which is not an abbreviation of "Tan-Chang-Ci-Hua","Chou-Tan-Shuo-Ci" or"Tan-Chang-Shuo-Ci",but the formation of it has been exercised a great influence by CiHua. The dislocation of name and fact of TanCi" has been caused by characteristic of saying and singing Literature, stylistic evolution and the law of development of things.Chapter five discusses the style of the "Da Tang Qin Wang Cihua".1、The Da Tang Qin Wang Cihua have dual tendencies of historization and poetization.The former shows to inherit realistic spirit of Historical-literature; the latter shows the use of a large number of poems and broad,grand, bold style. This not only improve the status of classic literature as singing literature,but also reflects the signs of transition from Cihua to zhanghui novel.2、The control strategies of narrative time which is determined by the nature and features of Cihua as an art of story-telling can be read by readers with its text, but its traits is undeniable. This is the summary and sublimation of practical experience of story-tellers, and developed into a tradition which is firmly printed in the field of story-telling out of classical literature,and it make up a "simulated story-telling locale",and see reader as virtual audience, even though it would have been a kind of writing.3、In The "Da Tang Qin Wang Cihua", it attaches great importance to the spatial narrative unfolding, and relatively neglects the embodiment of the time. In the spatial conversion process, it highlights absolutely the political position of ChangAnCheng to be the capital of the Tang Dynasty. In narrative process, it takes "Zong-Fen" narrative strategies, which has a close relationship with the "LiShu" narrative program, such as structure being centred by "Wei-Wang-Jian-Guo", classification and "Zong-Fen". This narrative process embodies the authors’ ingenuity, especially the one who were extremely influenced by traditional Chinese culture, in amending the "Da Tang Qin Wang Cihua".4、As a representative work of Cihua in the Ming Dynasty,"Da Tang Qin Wang Ci Hua" reflects the duality of orality and elegant style. The reason for the formation of this feature is that its text comes from oral telling and formulas in live performance have been saved in it careful modification have been done for reading. In other words, this is not only an inevitable law of the history of saying and singing literature style,but also an objective facts that different styles learn from each other led to "jian lei" and"youyi"Chapter six discusses the style of "Ming Cheng Hua Kan Ben Shuo Chang Ci Hua"1、The formation of the"Ming Cheng Hua Kan Ben Shuo Chang Ci Hua" is based on Ci Wen and Bian Wen in the Tang Dynasty, Shuo Hua and Tao Zhen in the Song Dynasty. It is a typical form of Ci Hua,and has both relations and great difference with the "Li Dai Shi Lue Ci Hua" and the "Da Tang Qin Wang Ci Hua" in the Ming Dynasty. As a kind of singing art,"Ci Hua" means telling a story through libretto or sing.2、As a representative of literati novel writting,"Jian Deng Xin Hua" has exquisite style of yiziyiyue"(以自怡悦) and "tuoshixingci"(托事兴辞) which is different to the popular style that Cihua has,and narrative structure between the two is significant differences. The reason is that literati novel writting influenced by traditional literary concepts puts a high value on "satire and compliments(美刺) and retro for setting up words for the unending permanence,but the aim of Cihua are entertaining others and meeting secular world by lively stories3、The pioneer of Ci-Hua is the Ci-Wen in the Tang dynasty, related to Bian-Wen, Qu-Zi, etc.; To the yuan dynasty, Ci-Hua be juxtaposed with Za-Ju which derived nourishment skills and style from it; Ming and Qing dynasties, Ci-Hua is referred to generalization, not only refers to minstrel literature ocumentary, and refers to the vernacular novels, Chapter-Novel and Tan-Ci,and Yang-Shen’s Li Dai Shi Duan Jin Ci-Hua is the intermediary from Ci-Hua to Tan-Ci.Chapter seven discusses cultural factors of the changing style from Bianwen to Cihua.1、Bianwen,Tanci,Guci and other story-telling art are popular in every age,but there stylistic sequence was met with an awkward situation in the doghouse,for they rarely appears among the bibliographical works,and usually suffers prohibition and destruction,even to be despised by literary figures. The reasons for this phenomenon is that story-telling told by humble story-tellers is different than "gentle and kind" poetry teaching and the ideology of the feudal ages the ruling class.2、The change of the polity, society, economy, culture, religion and other factors in the Pre-Pin dynasty to the Ming and Qing dynasty, constitute the rich and complex ecological environment of storytellers’ inoculation, development and evolution. In this process, the identity of the storytellers’ background, social factors and the development of literature speech have a close relationship, which has affected the ancient literature to the whole. As the breakthrough with story tellers, to investigate relevant complex changing ecological environment is a new train of thought to study speech literature.3、From the Tang and Song Dynasty to the Yuan and Ming, from Bianwen to Cihua, from hope or wish to entertainment, accepting group has undergone great changes,and the scope of it became wider and wider. In the process, the role of the literati became more and more important, unlike common recipients, who improved the style of Cihua carefully,and furthered its variation and development accordingly.4、From "harmony with ears"(谐于里耳)to "enter literary mind"(入于文心),the development of Cihua has been a long process,which symbolizes developing phases from talking and singing to chapter novels.So by comparing the "Cheng Hua Kan Ben Shuo Chang Ci Hua" with "Da Tang Qin Wang Ci Hua", some evolution laws of this process will can be found.5、This section focuses on those closely associated with Cihua, on the basis of others’ researches, through overall and deep document consulting,to discuss connection and difference between“平话”and“评话”and the dynamic developing process of them, and to analyse the evolution orbit from "once-great" to "general term and extension".