Shanshan Three To Five Research Questions Century Country Adoptions

This batch of the Kharosthi documents unearthed in xinjiang of China, and its mainly records about the social life of ShanShan country in three to five century AD. The existence of adoption behavior is one of the phenomena in social life.When three to five century AD, ShanShan country had appeared the adoption contract at the time of adoption of adopted children. This adoption contract has some basic characteristics, mainly manifested in two aspects of content and form. From writing format, the adoption contract was made up three parts. From the content, it contains some basic elements. Adoption of date of the contract way is more special, its expression based on the number of years of the reign of king. The date form of expression is related with the location in the area, is affected to the result of the mutual influence by the inland of central plains and foreign culture. The writing person of adoption contract is government personnel official, their writing must conform to executive orders or according to the request of the parties, their responsible for document writing work. The witness of has multiple to proof adoption, and the witness to testifies to the adoption have different identity, mainly from government officials of the upper ruling class or at the grass-roots level, dignified noble, religious people in the society. The statement in the adopt contract is instructions in adopted occurring between the two sides of adoption related. The object of statement can be divided into two aspects:on the one hand, its aim at the adopter or adopter in view of their rights and duties; On the one hand, this file is for issue of adoption contract. It reflects the legal status of ShanShan country from three to five centuries AD.There are four types of people as the main adoptive parent, they are officials in the region government, slaves, monks and ordinary people. Whether the adopter families had thier own’s children or no their own’s children, they also can be adopted the children. The adoptees without too many restrictions for their source. The age of adopted children have old or young in this period, this has relationship with purpose of adoption directly. Adopter has the right of ownership, the right to buy and sell and charge. At the same time, they also undertake an obligation to pay child support to the person placing out the child, raising foster children, and make arrangements for marriage of adopted children. The relatives of the adopter have certain rights and obligations to adopted children. The adoption of daughters more than adopted son in actual adoption, it is closely relationship with local customs.The foster children has different origins. They come from the slave house, monk’s home and the ordinary families. They was sent to be as foster children because the reasons of domestic calamity, discarded by his parents, or other reasons. Adopted children have rights in the three aspect of inheritance property, the head of family and to charge. They also should take care of the family burden of adoptive parents. The relatives of adoptees also have the right to collect of charge of adoptees and appeal, its duty is no longer contact with their child and interfere with their lives in new family after the child is adopted.To sum up, through these adoption contents, it profoundly reflects the political, economic, cultural and family situation of ShanShan country:ShanShan country is in transition from slavery to the feudal system during this period. The situation of slave’s human rights has improved to some extent, they have some freedom in a certain. Its way to trade mainly by the barter system in the region at this period, it showed that its economic development is still stay in a certain extent. The secular buddhism of Shanshan have a significant impact on the secular life for buddhist monks. People have strong legal consciousness and pays more attention to defend its adoption in their daily lives. This is both the requirements of the national law as well as the local rules. As a link to a direct lineal family structure of Shanshan country mainly composed of a type of core" family in this period. Family relationships is mainly shown that husband and wife, father and son (daughter), brothers, master and servant this four relations. This period of marital status also presents the diversified complex characteristics.