| Since ancient times, the law is the most important means for rulers to strengthen social management and social control. At different times, the rulers enacted laws in accordance with the social situation to strengthen social management and consolidate their governance. The establishment and implementation of these laws, played an important role in the maintenance of social order. In traditional Chinese society, the nature of the purpose of the law in addition to the maintenance of social order, but its ultimate and true goal is also to maintain the ruling order.After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang paid much attention to learn the lessons from the demise of the Yuan Dynasty, attaches great importance to the construction of legal system. In the first year of the Wu Period, he revised the Da Ming Ling. In the sixth*twenty-second and thirtieth years of the Hongwu Period, he continuously revised the Da Ming Lv. However, in many law forms that he issued, the most distinctive is the Da Gao. This law included four parts: Da Gao (Ⅰ), Da Gao (Ⅱ), Da Gao (Ⅲ) and Da Gao Wu Chen. They were codified and enacted by Zhu Yuanzhang in the Hongwu eighteen years to the end of twenty. Not only were they more fully reflect the social disadvantages that existed at that time, but also reflected the emperor powerful means to strengthen social management.The Da Gao (Ⅰ-Ⅲ), were mainly composed of various cases, harsh decrees, and many words of admonition. Book cases were mainly composed of the cases handled by Zhu Yuanzhang between eighteen to twenty years of the Hongwu Period. The content of Da Gao (Ⅰ-Ⅲ) not only involved many classes, but also coverd the political, economic, cultural and other fields. These three books not only involved punishment for officers, but also for involved management common people, tyrannical landlords, hypocritical elders, the village head, local hooligans, layabout, scholars, monks, merchants, craftsmen. However, the Da Gao Wu Chen was mainly for the military Officers, especially with regard to the management of Military Officers at Garrison Stations in the Ming Dynasty. Its content was mainly composed of various cases and many words of admonition, with few harsh decrees. The reason why he enacted the Da Gao (Ⅰ-Ⅲ), there are several reasons as follows:First, after more than twenty years of effort, he desired social stability, official Qingming, customs enlightenment Statecraft situation does not appear. In the society of that period, there was also a wide variety of illegal misconduct and non-compliance with ritual behavior. When he found the general means cannot control these questions, the formulation and implementation of the Da Gao becames a necessary measures. Second, the occurrence of serious case about Guo Huan was the important objective factors and the direct cause made Zhu Yuanzhang determine to enact the Da Gao. This was a very serious case, which involves tens of thousands of central and local officials. It greatly shocked Zhu Yuanzhang’s nerves, made him more to fight crime officials with determination, and to improve social negative phenomena. Third,This was a continuing policy of Zhu Yuanzhang’s "Rectifying Officials" and "Integrate Punishment With Education". In addition, he it urged him strengthening the centralization subjectively; it was the most fundamental reason. The reason he enacted Da Gao Wu Chen, in addition to those, to punish their crimes, strengthen their management, and improving military capabilities, are also important factors.After Da Gao (Ⅰ-Ⅲ) were enacted, Zhu Yuanzhang carried out their implementation by strong central authority and monarch power. These policies implemented greater intensity during the period of Hongwu and Yongle. But after that, their implementation effect had weakened remarkable, and gradually vanished. However, because they were issued by the emperor, by constrain of imperial holy book binding and teachings from forefathers, their influence persisted for a long time. In addition, because of their importance as an imperial examination proposition, so they also have some influence among literatusi, official’s population. Among them, some officials often use them as a warning, for reflection. In civil society, although they were not known to the people gradually, but their influence had not been completely eliminated, in some areas there were still preached occasionlly. In short, they subtly played an important influence in the Ming dynasty society. For their unique status and important role, we should not underestimate them. In addition to Da Gao (Ⅰ-Ⅲ), the Da Gao Wu Chen also played an important role among military officiasl. However, since the Hongwu period, its role gradually disappeared. Besides, because it’s content is mainly composed of cases, and there were not any laws during that time, so there was not any content to be written into later enacted regulations. As a result, its enforcement effect is not as durable as Da Gao (Ⅰ-Ⅲ).These special laws played a certain role in social management in the early Ming Dynasty society. However, their adverse consequences and negative impact were very bad and far-reaching. On the Da Gao (Ⅰ-Ⅲ), under the Zhu Yuanzhang’s strong policy and social management, the social order was quickly restored, officials and Regal hazards be effectively controlled. In the short term, they played an important role in easing the class contradiction and promoting the development of production. However, due to the Zhu Yuanzhang’s authoritarian and brutal management tools; they inevitably incured a lot of problems. Therefore, he did not realize the goal of running the country. This tight social control and management policies, not only strictly confined people’s minds, but also hindered the development of the society, and enventually limited progress of the social productive forces. On the Da Gao Wu Chen, its influence was mainly in the Hongwu and Yongle period. Since then, its role mainly for military officials’ education, but this effect was also limited. However, during its early enactment, it also played a role in warning against military officials. To a certain extent, it is not only constrained the military official behaviors, but also maintained a strong fighting force in early Ming army.Therefore, through the analysis of them, significance comes not only for the understanding of Zhu Yuanzhang’s social management thoughts, but also for understanding the Ming social governance situation. In addition, through the analysis of this particular social management, the characteristics of the Ming Dynasty society can be understood thoroughly. By summing up the pros and cons of their lessons, historical references were proposed for punishing corruption and social management innovation. Through the Da Gao content analysis, which from the social composition of the body, namely officials (official, military official), clerks, runners, landlords, tyrannical, common people, as well as other sectors of society, his social management policy emerges. Using particular discourse analysis, Zhu Yuanzhang’s social management policy, and the reasons for its implementation were analysed deeply. Historical experience tells people that in order to achieve the best rusults from community management, the transformation must be done from "rule of man" into a genuine rulling of law. |
PDF Full Text Request