Research On The Theory Of The Competitive Tactics Rhythm And Its Application In Volleyball Games

Rhythm, as the common phenomenon in the process of motion of the dynamicworld, is the most active element in athletic activities and performances. Rhythm, whichcan be noticed in any competitive sport, greatly influences the competitive manner andperformance as well as the competition results. The overall theoretical analysis and thepractical application research of Sports Rhythm will not only help to improve thecognitive level on athletic activities by the competitors but also assist in solving manyactual problems concerning rhythm application and control in the process of trainingand competition by analyzing the basic theoretical problems of sports rhythm. It hasimportance significance and special value in the establishment of sports rhythm theory,in the development of athletic science and in the perfection of athletic competitionscience.Based on the Rhythm Theory, Control Theory nd Athletic Theory, this reseachemploys the science methods of document literature, competition tape analysis, survey,statistics and sample study. It studies the fundamental issues in the competitive rhythm,preliminarily constructs the theoretical system of competitive tactics rhythm, analyzesthe influential elements of competitive tactics rhythm and put forwards the controlstrategies on competitive tactics rhythm. It also combines theoretical research with thecompetition of volleyball sport and makes an empirical analysis on the competitiverhythms in volleyball games of excellent volleyball teams.The main conclusions of this research are as follows:1. Competitive Rhythm is the organization of the components of plays and playersexecutions, as well as the comprehensive reflections of plays capacity of tactics in timeand space, which shows the consistency of the tactics. Competitive Rhythm iscomposed of rhythm in training, rhythm in a match, rhythm in a round, rhythm in a tournament and rhythm on the field of play. It can also be classified into motion rhythm,tactics rhythm and rhythm of athletic load.2. Competitive tactics rhythm is the sequential changes in the time dimension ofthe tactic elements under the control of the sports character and the athletes’ tacticalbehavior. Tactical activity time, intensity, density and changes are the elements incompetitive tactics rhythm.3. Competitive tactics rhythm has the characteristics of fastness and slowness,defense and offense, authenticity and fake. Competitive running tactics rhythm andcompetitive executing tactics rhythm are the basic motion forms of the competitivetactics rhythm. The main expression of the competitive tactics rhythm is repetition,correspondence, intermittence and conversion.4. The content system of the competitive tactics rhythm is complicated. Based onthe different standards, rhythm of tactics can be grouped in different ways. According tothe content of competitions, it can be divided as rhythms of speed, positions, distance,height, quality, arrangement, offense, defense, and transition. According to personnel,it can be divided as individual rhythm, team rhythm, and group rhythm. According tothe controllability of the competitive behavior, it can be divided as positive rhythm,negative rhythm, rhythms of positive change and negative change, subjective andadapted rhythms. According to the regularity, the applicability and the frequency, it canbe divided as ordered and random rhythm, normal and special rhythm, and usual andoccasional rhythm.5. Characteristics of competitive tactics rhythm: periodicity and stage, flexibilityand stability, relativity and absoluteness, complexity and controllability, the perfectionand implementation, special specifics and individual differences.6. Factors affecting the tactics rhythm are divided into four categories: thedevelopment and changes in the rules of the game and the organization, one’s owncompetitive ability and competitive state, the opponent’s competitive ability andcompetitive state, and the implementation process of the game.7. Control tactics rhythm strategy: the target oriented strategy, power positioningstrategy, strategy of using one’s advantages to tackle opponent’s disadvantages, strategy of wisely applying the rules, and multipath alignment strategy.8. According to the empirical research, the basic features of the men’s volleyballtactics rhythm in the London Olympic Games is as follows:Fast ball service at the normal time is the men’s volleyball common service rhythm;the rhythm of spike is mostly the spike of slow ball; three-point and four-point attackand cover mode are the ideal ways of the collective attack tactic rhythm; defensiverhythm has remained the slow-behind defensive rhythm and semi fast defense rhythm.9. According to the empirical research, the basic features of the women’s volleyballtactics rhythm in the London Olympic Games is as follows:The rhythm of service has remained service of the semi fast ball at the normal time;the rhythm of spike has remained the spike fast ball; the optimal collective attackrhythm is three-point and cover attack; defensive rhythm has remained the slow-behinddefensive rhythm and semi fast defense rhythm.