Marx’s Employment Theory And It’s Contemporary Value

The employment question is the major theoretical and practical issue of the currentmacroeconomic operation. Combined with the serious problem of employment practicesin our country, from Rereading50volumes of Marx context, employment problems inMarx studies can be divided into four dimensions:"capital--wage (variable capital)--labor--division of labor (micro labor)". Following four research directions, this paperdemonstrates the whole Marx employment view. It analysed capital from capitalaccumulation to the organic composition of capital, the economic cycle, the surpluscapital and the industrial reserve army. It analysed wages from the deduction of landand capital to the variable capital, the competition in workers, the survival wage and theaverage wage. It analysed labor from the increasing proportion of surplus labor andnecessary labor to the productive labor, unproductive labor, labor waste, excessive labor,labor competition and labor union. It analysed the division of labor from employmentspeciality to labor’s competition, robot’s competition, alienation in work and structuralunemployment. Marx makes the social and economic phenomenon associated withemployment network in four dimensions.From the capital point of view, China’s new capital accumulation of the organiccomposition of capital projects caused the change of employment. Business cyclesynchronization and phase characteristics weakened, and employment curved similarwith cycle fluctuations. Capital surplus situation affects the degree of labor surplus.Capital concentration promotes high-tech industry scale and the traditional industryinformation, which lead to structural adjustment of employment. The industrial reservearmy is in the dying stages. From the salary, salary range has been expanded and theamount has risen, causing workers to flow. Enterprises send force economizing constantcapital and labor saving in order to achieve expanding the capital, and the short termlabor demand is relatively lower. The area difference of average wage and minimumwage strengthened labor regional liquidity. From labor, labor became world labor, andthe value will be controlled by the world social necessary labor time. Reduction ofsocially necessary labor will not be able to meet the increasing labor demand and high unemployment. Non-production labor can’t meet social demand and make structuralseparation Trade union organizations have strengthened and functions still weak, andthe contradiction between labors extends to the international labor conflicts. From thedivision, division has deepened. Division of labor alienation leads to the alienation ofemployment, and labor towards the consumption alienation, which caused deeperstructural contradictions of employment.According to the changes, our country can set up the following four kinds ofcontrol mechanism to promote employment. First, establish capital control mechanism,increasing the variable capital expenditure as the accumulation of capital rising, takeactive measures to curb the business owners to improve labor intensity in order toachieve the labor intension type deprivation, guide surplus capital into future industries,and focus on the investment proportion of non-productive labor sector. Second,establish the mechanism of wage drift, strengthen the labor decision in wages, set wagefloating standard on the development of productive forces as the reference, hook wageand labor intensity, and set up the minimum subsistence fund system of all workers withconsumption as a standard. Third, establish elastic labor mechanism, formulate agenerally accepted ratio of surplus labor and labor necessary to determine the workingtime, promote the non-productive labor socialization, and increase the function andpower of trade unions. Fourth, establish communication mechanism to promotecomprehensive between different professional workers, establishing communicationmechanism between employers and employees, cultivating comprehensive talents andprovide development funds for special talents, and establishing unemployment securitysystem of all workers.