A Research On Some Issues Of Socio-economic Since The Qing Dynasty In Jiangxi(1723-1964)

Contract is the important literature which reflects the life of civil society. Apartfrom the "official history", it’s the precious "folk history". The contract documents inJiangxi Museum, with a total of1442pieces(sets)，which contains72pieces ofcontract photos of the Catholic church，with the actual number to2032. This batch ofcontract documents, distributed within10cities in the whole province of30counties(districts)， especially has the largest number in Nanchang, Ganzhou, Fuzhou,Shangrao and Yichun, span from the1st year (1736) of the reign of the YongzhengEmperor in241to1964AD. The content involves many aspects, such as therelationship between land and property, taxes and corvee,business, clan，civilorganizations and social relations, etc. Especially a large quantity of land and property,taxes and corvee contracts. These Contract Documents are larger in number, variousin type, rich in content, distinctive in geographical features and have a powerful senseof belonging. It can reflect the regional characteristics and historical characteristics ofJiangxi truly and in detail, which has important research value.The land transactions in Jiangxi area’s mainly include private lands, paddy,upland, garden plot, mountain, graveyard, etc. Transaction objects include not onlyland, but also contain a variety of land-related ancillary rights and appurtenances. Theland transaction procedures in Jiangxi area including preparation, on-site investigation,signed the letter of intent and the down payment, the formal signing of the contractand payment, the new owners’ management industry, transfer tax liability and paying,etc. All these reflect the unique customs of the land transfer in Jiangxi region. Underthe background of the separation of ownership and use rights in Ming and QingDynasties, in Jiangxi area, land transfer mode mainly includes tenancy, business dealings and pawn. At the same time, there also has other land transfer mode, such asIssuing assets to pay a debt, exchange, merge and so on. In the land transfer process,the emerge of the contradiction between official and folk in the tax aspects isinevitable, and therefore "The official tax acceptance and exemption certificate"，"Civil tax transfer certificate"、"Gan County grain Tax format contract" and "GanCounty real estate format contract " and other documents with the local characteristicsappeared. These contracts reflect the local government strengthens the administrativemanagement function by lawn and reveal the new characteristics of modern society.In Qing Emperor Yongzheng and Qianlong period, the rural landowner ZhangDianchou live in Guangchang County, from the Yongzheng reign (1723) to forty-eightyears of Qianlong (1783), during the sixty-years, he was engaged in（buy, pawn, rent,return, tenancy） private lands, paddy, mountains, housing, base and other activities ata total of60times. It’s trading mainly in the place of his residence Guangchang,Jinshali and in its vicinity. In these transactions,32times focused on his family. Hehad been living in the yard, engaging in farming, living isolated but keeping contactwith the outside world. As an18th-century rural landowners in rural China, in decadesof hard work, he built up family fortunes gradually and amassed considerable property.Zhang Dianchou’s life experience was actually a microcosm of traditional Chinesesociety.The house property contract of Jiangxi Provincial Museum collected can bedivided into rural housing contract and Town housing contract. Rural propert ies areoften closely linked with agricultural production and daily life. In the transaction, layspecial stress on real estate subsidiary rights and industrial use convenience. Townhousing contract from the side aspect reflects the prosperity of the town-commerceactivity level, shows the different economic status, city pattern, industry types, riseand fall of the family in different place, take commercial town(such as NanchangCounty Xiebujie, Guangfuxu), the regional center city (such as Ganzhou) andcommercial city (such as Nanchang) for example. Although the number of the Catholic Church property contract in Nanchang area is not many, but it’s theconcentrate embodiment of the social contradictions in the modern society of China, ithas important research value.Non-governmental organizations in the contract documents include economicorganization, public interest groups, religious organizations and clan organization.Jiujiang Water Conservancy cooperation contract is the representation of folk publicwelfare organizations, revealed the traditional society self-management andself-adjustment through non-governmental organizations. The religious beliefs ofShangrao Gexian Temple and its interaction with civil society appeared in the land,real estate purchase, management process and achieved a positive interaction betweenthe organizations and the faithful. Clan was the largest civil organizations, it almostincluding all members of the society. Clan forces played an implicit or explicit role inthe process of signing the contract documents interacted the clans and individuals,formed the social life pattern.Contract is the most detailed and vivid information for the deep research ofsocio-economic history. The contract documents collected by Jiangxi Pro vincialMuseum is the largest number in Jiangxi area currently, its rich connotation and valueworth for further study.Contract is the most detailed and vivid information for the deep research ofsocio-economic history. The contract documents collected b y Jiangxi ProvincialMuseum is the largest number in Jiangxi area currently, its rich connotation and valueworth for further study.