Study On The Implementation Effect Of Rural Publicly Funded Employment Training In Southwest Minority Nationality Regions China

Our country has long attached great importance to the economic and social development of minority nationality regions, and has formulated a series of major policies and measures, effectively promoted the economic and social development of minority nationality and minority nationality regions. However, due to historical, natural, social and other reasons, social welfare undertakings in minority nationality regions in China is insufficient, and for the reasons of the lag of transportation, communications, education, science and technology, culture, health and other public service, the workers have less education and more application of science and technology ability is low. Supporting education in minority nationality regions, to strengthen human resource development in the minority nationality regions, improving farmers’ quality, is an important means and way to enhance employability of ethnic minority farmers and its hematopoietic function, to active rural economy in ethnic areas, faced with fierce market competition. According to national geographic regionalization in China, Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan province are included in southwest minority nationality regions, which is the most concentrated area of the minority nationality in China. In recent years, a series of rural publicly funded employment training projects are carried out widely in southwest minority nationality regions, which are included the "sunshine project of the training for rural labor transfer","new farmers science and technology training project","farmers’ entrepreneurship training project" and so on. Rural publicly funded employment training is a public service project for the government to increase the farmers’ quality and promote rural economic development. What concerned the academic and administrative departments is the training service level, whether fully considered to the interests of farmers, and whether to achieve the expected goal.As for this reason, based on the analysis of the formation and operation mechanism of the rural publicly funded job training, the dissertation makes the theoretical expectations of the implementation effect of training and constructs a theoretical model to assess the training implementation effect, quantitative analysis the present situation of rural publicly funded employment training in southwest minority nationality regions, at the same, the training effect of the process evaluation and outcome assessment are made, and discusses the implementation effect evaluation results of different process under training. Finally, the main research conclusions are reached as follows:(1) The rural publicly funded employment training is formed in the driving factors of many internal, external conditions. The development of modern agriculture and urbanization of farmers’ quality request is the impetus in the formation of the rural publicly funded employment training; The double failure of the market and the government is the root cause of the formation of the publicly funded employment training in rural areas; Active private training organizations and powerful government policy guidance is the conditions for the formation of the rural public organization of employment training.(2)"Lemon market" exists in the supply of publicly funded employment training process in rural areas, information asymmetry phenomenon in the process of rural public funding employment training leads to the rural publicly funded job training hard to improve product quality, and may continue to decline, so that training is unable to obtain the substantial effect, lead to a decline in the efficiency of resource allocation and social welfare reducing. The rural publicly funded employment training is an entire process, which concludes training requirement expression, decision-making, financing, production, distribution, incentives and supervision. Each one or more process in the training running corresponds to the periodic implementation effect, which determines the final effect of training. For the accessing the implementation effect of rural publicly funded employment training, the entire training process should be focused, combining the process evaluation and result evaluation.(3) The publicly funded employment training in the southwest minorities area has a high degree of training supply and demand fit on the two dimensions of the training venues and training language, but overall there is imbalance between supply and demand, and there is a dimension of difference and the difference between supply and demand between the different provinces. Involved and norr-involved farmers are also different in training needs, and the training object dislocation phenomenon is serious as well.(4) Famers’ engagement level in the publicly funded employment training is low in the southwest minorities area, and engagement differ for different individual characteristics farmer; Farmers’ engagement characteristics are varied in different elements training. These factors included fit between supply and demand of training, training assessment, training certificate issued reasonable and local industry development, have a positive effect on farmers’ training engagement.(5) The difficulty of farmer training in southwest minorities regions is relatively appropriate, while the practicality is not ideal, for farmers training knowledge application degree is low in general. The training content, structure and language of the fit, the times of farmers participated in the training, the enthusiasm of the farmers participation in training, the number of the local cooperation and the village industry development have significant positive impact for farmers to master training knowledge and skills; the elements have positive influence on the conversion degree of farmers training knowledge, which are included the farmers training skills mastery, the training content fit, the autonomy of the farmers’training motivation, education, village learning environment and industrial development. While, farmers’gender, age, ethnicity, training expectations and training assessment have no significant effect on the training learning effect.(6) The improving speed of farmers’adaptability for the modern agriculture increased by plant and aquaculture training is greater than the intervention effect of transfer employment training for farmers City adaptability; There is difference in different characteristics of training effect, and currently, government organization mode, classroom training,"a training about" short-term training effect to the promotion of farmers’ employment ability, respectively, higher than the government buying patterns, on-site guidance and certificate training effect; There exists a problem of training object dislocation in the publicly funded transfer employment training in southwest minorities area, and the higher the level of training supply and demand fit and peasants to participate in the training and the sounder the effect of farmer learn in training, the more significant role played in improving farmers’ employment adaptation ability.(7) Training to enhance the treatment effect of the participants to the total household income is less than the treatment effect of not participating in the training and have a negative impact on the growth of non-farm income of farm families; In southwest minorities area, non-farm employment training effects on farmers’ income is less effective than training in planting and breeding, and the effect of direct government organizational model and "of a training" short-term training is more effective compared to other mode and manner; In different supply and demand fit samples, the effect on farmers’ income and household income is not very different between the types of planting and breeding training with transfer employment training; The higher farmers participation and training learning effect can promote achieving the target of increasing the farmers’ income through training.The characteristic and innovation of this dissertation:(1) Analysis the theory expected effect of effect of the publicly funded employment training from asymmetric information angle. The analysis results of this dissertation using the theory of lemon market show that, in the case of asymmetric information and lack of supervision, the low quality of training products will continue to drive high quality products in the rural publicly funded employment training market, which makes the quality of rural publicly funded employment training products falling phenomenon appear, training cannot get substantial effect, led to a decline in social resource allocation efficiency, reduce the social welfare.(2) Pay close attention to farmers’ participation in training, and set up a model concluded village and individual heterogeneity in the two layers of participation influence factors. The previous research mainly analysis farmers’ willingness to participate in the training through a large sample survey using quantitative research methods, inspecting the influence factors of the will of peasants to participate in employment training from individual, family and social economic aspects. Rarely involved with the category of literature which is specifically for the peasant employment training participation and influence factors, also did not consider the problem of heterogeneity led by data hierarchy with the analysis of the influence factors. This dissertation not only analyzes the farmers’participate in the training and influence factors, and also employs the multi-layer linear model which can effectively avoid the heterogeneity result due to the case homogeneity in traditional regression method.(3)The dissertation implants a multi-level heterogeneity instrumental variable model to estimate the implementation results of publicly funded employment training, and to improve the accuracy of estimated results. Based on considering the hierarchical data structure, this dissertation uses local linear regression method to estimate the average intervention effect of training for farmers’ employment adaptability and income. This method obtain more information from the control of those closer to reduce the distance farther observation weights, using all the potential individual reference samples for a match, to reduce the estimation bias formed from unobservable confounding factors, and to improve the accuracy of the training effect estimation.