The Research On Marx’s Thought Of The Space Economy

Marx thought material production activities itself contains the space factorssuch as location, density and distance, and use of historical materialism anddialectics of space analysis on the economic issue. In Marx’s methodology, the spacewas originally an integral part of the development of productivity. Marx USESmaterialist dialectics to analyze further the production activities of human in acertain space, in turn, reshape the space structure, space is not only the production ofspace, and production activities, in turn, transform space, production space.First, Marx’s capital in the process of production from a single division of laborand production scale question, the capitalist mode of production itself inherentlyrequires concentration of production and labor, production of surplus value andconstantly improve labor productivity, developed the workshop internal division oflabor, create conditions for the emergence of the machine and use. The emergence oflarge industrial machines drove the industrial revolution, the development of furtherexpanding the scale of production, because of the correlation effect of a singlecapital production scale enlargement of the space gravity, economic activities tend togather, from the human society entered the industrialization and urbanizationprocess.Individual capital works internal division of labor and machine production andpromote the development of social division of labor. Social division of labor in thesame department of intra-industry division of labor; Show the industrial division oflabor between between different departments. Division of labor betweenintra-industry division of labor and industry makes production shows thecharacteristics of specialization and diversity, mutual connection between different capital production, divided into forward link and backward link. Production on theassociated effect between capital contributed to the capital gathering on the space.In the reality of capitalist mode of production relations, the capitalists willsurplus value as the product of all prepaid capital, and surplus value rate areconverted into profit margins, the purpose of capital pursuit of surplus value istransformed into capital in order to obtain more profits and capital between thecompetition. The process performance for the amount of capital in order to obtainequivalent profit continuously flow between departments to realize the process ofaverage profit margins. And different production department is always located indifferent geographic space, so the space of capital flows is characterized by capitalflows, including the same department of capital flows between different areas,between different regions of capital flows between different departments. And thedirection of the flow depends on the difference of profit margins, capital is alwaysflowing from low-margin region to higher-margin areas.With the development of workshop internal division of labor and the labordivision, forming the internal labor market and the external labor market, and labormarket segmentation. Production process is decomposed into different operatingforms workshop internal division of labor, and this is appropriate to thedifferentiation of the labor force, and machine production is further exacerbated theprocess. Labor division for skilled workers and unskilled Labour, mental workersand manual laborers, and the Labour market also appears the correspondingdifferentiation. Different production process requirements to match labor, and laborflow on the space segmentation and grading. Professional sharing effect of theLabour market is the important reason for the capital accumulation.Capital circulation process is surplus value realization and for the productionprocess to start to prepare production materials and Labour. Both contains surplusvalue of product sales and purchase production materials and labor, all by the transport distance, such as the size of the market in terms of time and spaceconstraints. Capital flows to transcend all the limits of time and space, speed up thecirculation time to eliminate the circulation space restrictions; Expand circulationspace for time saving. Implement capital circulation process of the transformation oftime and space material condition is the development of transportation is thedevelopment of credit system, social conditions. Transportation makes merchandise,raw materials and workers in different space, and credit is the value of the "mobile".Transportation and credit system is a time-space compression mechanism, theirdevelopment level determines the length of the circulation of capital. Thetransportation of different manufacturing sites and credit development haveimportant influence on capital accumulation. Marx will transport industry asgenerally the development of productive forces, the development of transportation,canals, roads and other information belongs to the work. Under the condition ofcapitalist production, transportation and other production departments, in the processof production, namely to provide transportation services, also consumes constantcapital and the alterable capital, in which the value of the constant capital bytransportation hiring workers moved to the transport of goods, and alterable capitalhire workers to create new value for compensation variable capital, and investmentto the capitalists provide surplus value in the field of transportation.The space of different capital movement shaped the different economic spatialstructure. Different capital in the process of chasing profits show the spatialaggregation and diffusion. The flow of capital between different regions to averageprofit margins between areas, to obtain more profits, expanding scale, improve thecapital organic composition, the result is a decline in average profit margin, capitalsurplus, it will lead to capital spread outward. Density of capital and capitalaccumulation make economic center area increases, the differential rent, will reducethe capital profit gained by the center region, also prompted capital diffusion. The spatial diffusion of capital to promote the development of the city. The humansociety since the second big social division of labor, separation between urban andrural areas, cities began to appear, and the prosperity of business to further promotethe city division of labor and the birth of workshop handicraft industry. Workshophandicraft industry is the beginning of the capitalist mode of production, workshophandicraft industry development division of division of labor and social interaction,making machine, which opened up the industrial revolution, human society enteredthe industrialization process. Industrialization and urbanization push each other, thedialectical development, form the system of modern city. Capital movement isendless, constantly to expand the world, forming the world market, the economy intothe era of globalization.