On Investment Effect Of Rural Infrastructure In Major Grain-producing Areas

China’s public products provision between urban and rural areas showed seriousimbalance and directly affected the grain yield increase， farmer’s income increase andagriculture benefit for a long time.so，how to improve China’s rural infrastructure investmentand construction level has being important issues for our country，which has been referedrepeatedly in No.1document from the national central government in the past few years.Besides， there was serious difference existed in investment main body， operationmechanism，and management level，etc. between country and city，so how to improve theinvestment effect of rural infrastructure has been one of important issues concerned by thenational government. So the author thinks that it is very import for government to researchthe issures of investment effect of rural infrastructure.China is a large agricultural country，if we want to study the problem of investment inrural infrastructure， the problem of the13major grain-producing areas should be firstlystudied. The total population of the13major grain-producing areas of the country accountsfor about60%of China， and arable land&sown area of grain more than60%， foodproduction70%， total agricultural output more than60%，commercial grain more than80%.For a long time， the main producing areas of rural infrastructure in general showed the totallack of investment， poor investment effect，etc.，which not only largely restricted grainproduction and farmers’ income and agricultural efficiency， but also directly affect China’sfood safety problems. In view of this，this dissertation took the research object to China’s13major grain-producing areas， and focused on rural infrastructure investment effect，intended to provide scientific reference for the decisions of the government departments.The main research work can be summarized as follows：1.Studied on rural infrastructure investment effect mechanism. The main contents andconclusions are as follows：（1）The author defined the effect of investment in ruralinfrastructure， builded the overall framework of the system of rural infrastructure andanalyzed the role of the main elements of the entire system.（2）Studied the behavior of themain body of investment in rural infrastructure implementation mechanism of investmentbehavior， analyzed the main body of investment control process， control mode， andusage patterns of the funds invested.（3）Studied the overall operating mechanism ofinvestment in rural infrastructure.The results showed that the configuration of ruralinfrastructure investment would be in accordance with the scale of investment and the investment structure to the flow of investment decision-making to optimize investmentresources.（4）Studied the performance value realization mechanism of investment in ruralinfrastructure. The result showed that the infrastructure investment in rural areas canpromote rural economic and social development function by improving rural production andliving conditions.2.Studied on the affecting of rural infrastructure investment for farmers’ income inmajor grain producing areas. The main contents and conclusions are as follows：（1）Thefarmer ’ s income experienced rapid growth phase， steady growth phase， stagnationhovering phase， recovery growth phase， stagflation phase， and rapid growth phase from1978affected by the prices of agricultural products， national policies and other factors.（2）Since1992， the income of the farmers in major grain producing areas showed the followingcharacteristics：Firstly， overall revenue growing faster， but the internal gap graduallywidened. Secondly，farmers’ income structure change and transfer income grown rapidly;Thirdly， the farmers’ income gap gradually widened between main producing areas andother areas， and the effectiveness of grain growing was very low. Fourthly， structure offarmers’ income differences was significant because of complex factors.（3）The sources offarmers income growth in major grain producing areas included agricultural economicgrowth， investment in rural infrastructure， transfer of rural labor， per capita arable landarea， and the average years of schooling.（4）Taking average annual net income of farmersin major grain producing areas as dependent variable，and agricultural GDP，investment inrural infrastructure， non-farm employment rate， per capita arable land area，and averageyears of schooling as independent variables， constructed an econometric model based onthe Cobb-Douglas production function.（5）Carried on unit root tests and cointegration testsfor the original sequence， the results showed that the values of original sequence throughthe unit root test and integrated of order one I （1） sequence， there is only onecointegrating relationship among the variables at the1%level of significance.（6）Theauthor measured the rate of the contribution of various factors on the average annual netincome of farmers in major grain producing areas. The results showed that the primaryindustry GDP contribution22.26%of the average annual net income of13major grainproducing areas， and rural infrastructure investment contribution rate was12.85%， thecontribution of non-agricultural employment rate was25.79%， per capita arable land（arable output growth） contribution rate was31.85%， years of education per capitacontribution rate was7.26%.（7）Error correction mechanisms played important role infarmers’ income of major grain producing areas， but the magnitude of the intertemporal adjustment was not big enough. After short-term interference， the per capita annual incomeof farmers adjusted to the equilibrium state slowly. All the independent variables wereGranger reason of farmers’ annual net income.3.Studied on the affecting of rural infrastructure investment for agricultural economicgrowth in major grain producing areas. The main contents and conclusions are as follows：（1）The rural economic growth experienced recovery growth phase，steady growth phase，Stagflation phase，and rapid growth phase from1978.（2）Since1992， the rural economicgrowth in major grain producing areas showed the following characteristics：The ruraleconomy growed fastly， and changed gradually form resources driven to science andtechnology-driven. The structure of the rural economy has diversified to achieve rapiddevelopment of rural secondary and tertiary industries.（3）The sources of rural economicgrowth in major grain producing areas included rural practitioners， investment ininfrastructure in rural areas， per capita arable land， investment in agricultural research，the average years of schooling， and rural residents’ consumption level.（4）Takingagricultural GDP in major grain producing areas as dependent variable， and ruralemployment， rural infrastructure investment， per capita arable land area of agriculturalresearch investment， the average years of schooling， and rural residents’ consumptionlevels as independent variables， constructed an econometric model based on theCobb-Douglas production function.（5）Carried on unit root tests and cointegration tests forthe original sequence， the results showed that the values of original sequence through theunit root test and integrated of order one I （1） sequence， there is only one cointegratingrelationship among the variables at the1%level of significance.The author measured the rateof the contribution of various factors on rural economic growth in major grain producingareas. The results showed that the number of rural laborers contribution21.38%of uraleconomic growth in13major grain producing areas， and rural infrastructure investmentcontribution rate was14.51%，the contribution of per capita arable land area was16.32%，investment in agricultural research contribution rate was14.43%，years of education percapita contribution rate was9.04%，and consumption level of rural residents contributionrate was24.32%.（7）Error correction mechanisms played important role in rural economicgrowth of major grain producing areas， but the magnitude of the intertemporal adjustmentwas not big enough. After short-term interference， the rural economic growth adjusted tothe equilibrium state slowly. All the independent variables were Granger reason ofagricultural GDP.4.Evaluation and analysis of rural infrastructure investment efficiency in the major grain producing areas. The main contents and conclusions can be summarized as follows：（1）The author compared parameter method and non-parametric methods for frontierefficiency evaluation， and suggested that non-parametric methods， especially dataenvelopment analysis （DEA） can effectively measure rural infrastructure investmentefficiency in major grain producing areas superiority.（2）The author builded efficiencyevaluation system of rural infrastructure investment，and believed that the input and outputefficiency was an important aspect for rural infrastructure investment effect. So， the authorset input index as rural infrastructure investment， and output index included agriculturalGDP and average annual net income of farmers.（3）The author measured technicalefficiency， pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of rural infrastructure investmentsystem in the period1992-2009of major grain producing areas， and analyzed projection ofthe input and output indicators by taking1992for example.The results show that thecombination technical efficiency level of rural infrastructure investment in China’s13majorgrain-producing areas were generally low form1992to2009， having uneven distributionfeatures，and the overall upward trend. The levels of pure technical efficiency were higherbut having uneven distribution features also， and having the overall downward trend. Thelevels of scale efficiency were lower and having uneven distribution features too， andhaving the overall downward trend. All the13main producing areas lied in increasingreturns to scale，which showed that the rural infrastructure investment of China’s major grainproducing areas was not enough， we need to further increase the amount of investment（.4）The author analyzed the productivity changes of rural infrastructure investment in China’s13major grain-producing areas from1992to2009by using Malmquist Index model. Theresults showed that total factor productivity of rural infrastructure investment system inChina’s13major grain-producing areas from1992to2009showed a slight negative growth，pure technical efficiency and the overall technical level showed a downward trend as scaleefficiency made slight progress.