The Transfer Of Rural Labor Configuration Structure And Allocative Efficiency In The Process Of Urbanization

Along with China’s industrialization and urbanization, thousands of surplus rural labor has been moving to urban areas, resulting in such a special group as "migrant workers". In the meantime, however, the transfer of rural labor force has also brought a series of problems. The city will have to face the problems of urban management, public, and urbanization. And in rural, it will arouse land circulation, the redistribution of agricultural resources and agricultural industrialization phenomenon. Widespread concern for these issues has been aroused for the direct impact on the urban and rural economy and even on the social and economic development. From the micro level, the problem of migrant workers after the transfer is prominently reflected in many aspects, such as employment, education, social and rights protection, public services, and integration into the cities ect., which needs our great efforts to resolve, for its relationship to the vital interests of migrant workers groups and social harmony and stability. While from a macro perspective, the transfer of rural labor is an inevitable result of the development of market economy and the objective needs to achieve industrialization and urbanization, whose configuration status directly impacts the socio-economic development process. Therefore, to achieve the rational flow and efficient allocation of the rural labor force is particularly important. In addition, the transfer of rural labor is a comprehensive social phenomenon, involving such aspects as the social, economic, demographic, political and others. Only with a deep understanding and a good grasp of the root, nature, current situation and development trend of the transfer, can we scientifically and effectively deal with the configuration of it, and conform with the trend to promote the socio-economic development.This paper focus on the configuration structure and efficiency of the transfer of rural labor based on the background of China’s urbanization,. First, by reviewing the history of the rural labor transfer in China’s urbanization process, we will summary and analyze the motivation, stage of development, the historical role and its status quo to identify the basic rules and the development trend. Next, we will focus on the analysis of the geographical configuration and industrial configuration of it and conduct econometric methods in the analysis and evaluation of the allocation efficiency. Then, for the problems, we will examine effective ways to improve the allocation efficiency for the above problems. Finally, we will put forward some policy ideas and recommendations based on the above analysis, reviewing China’s relevant policies and measures of it and combining with the related foreign experience and research, to promote the transfer and urban and rural economic and social development. Through the research, we draw the following conclusions: (1)Urbanization in China presents a phased development, so does the labor transfer. The development of China’s urbanization accelerated after the founding of New China, which can be roughly divided into three stages:Rapid development period:1949-1960. as of1960, the urban population reached13,073million with an increase of1.268times compared with1949and an average annual growth rate up to7.727%; Dormant period:1960-1978, the number of China’s urban population was172.45million in1978.And it increased by only0.319-fold in18years compared to1960; Recovery period:1978-2009.The urban population reached62,186million by2009, which increased2.606times compared to1978, with an average annual growth rate of4.224%. While transfer of rural labor in China is mainly occurred after the reform and opening up, which can be grouped into four stages. The initial stage:1978-1983. The main feature was the shift from agriculture to non-agricultural industries in rural areas for the strong regional control; The rapid development stage:1984-1991.The transfer grew rapidly for the weaken regional restrictions, but met bottlenecks in the latter; From1992to2000, the migrant scale rapidly increased; Since2001, the Government began to encourage and support the labor transfer and concern the rights of migrant workers.(2) The drivers of China’s rural labor force transfer can be decomposed into four aspects, namely, structural factors, economic factors, efficiency factors and demographic factors. Structural factors play a stronger role in promoting the the rural labor force transfer number, specifically, the greater the ratio between the output value of agricultural output of the secondary and tertiary industries, the greater the number of transfer of rural labor. In1991, China’s agricultural output accounted for24.5%of the total value of domestic,2009, lasted only about10%. Compared to the base in1991,1992-2009structure factor accumulation drives a165.52%(147779800) of the transfer of rural labor force. Raising the level of development of agricultural economy also contribute to the transfer of rural labor, the specific forms rural residents per capita agricultural GDP increased, the transfer of rural labor increased. Efficiency factor was strongly inhibited by China’s rural labor force transfer; the specific form of the production efficiency of the secondary and tertiary industries, per unit of output required a labor force, as the urban labor supply less than complement, the transfer of rural labor demand corresponding reduction. Demographic factors on the transfer of rural labor force also has certain inhibition, concrete manifestation for rural population decrease, and the number of the transfer of rural labor force reduce.(3)In different regions of our country rural employed labors force proportion between different areas, so the rural labor industry configuration is also have their own characteristics. Differences in different parts of rural industry labor force proportion, the two level differences is big, rural employed labors force proportion the lowest Shanghai is only20.04%, and the highest proportion of Guizhou is high up to87.53%Second, the" ladder" distribution significantly, different step difference is apparent, the highest proportion of the ten provinces of between71%and88%, the third grade ladder, the middle of the eleven provinces of the proportion between57.5%and71.5%, as the second step, the lowest proportion of provinces between20%and57.5%, third step. Different regions of rural labors force transfer industry configuration, China’s26provinces, city, autonomous region (not to consider Beijing, Tianjin, Chongqing, Shandong, Guizhou five), there are13provinces of the transfer of rural labor in second industries, while the remainingl3provinces in the transfer of rural labor in the tertiary industry mainly.(4)China’s rural labor force transfer of allocate efficiency is still not high, speci-fically in the following areas:First, the transfer of rural labor supply exceeds demand, and the quality of the transfer of rural labor supply is not high, can not form an effective supply;Second, the social demand for the transfer of rural labor mainly in labor-intensive enterprises, unable to meet the changing needs of our growth model; Third, the transfer of rural labor force there is a larger blindness, lack of a reasonable guide and orderly arrangement; The fourth is the limiting factor is still in the process of transfer of rural labor, which restricts the smooth transfer of rural labor.(5)On the promotion of the transfer of rural labor in China, mainly offer proposal of the following policy:One is to establish the transfer of strategic policy planning to improve the rural surplus labor, the second is to establish and perfect the system of household registration systemic to establish and improve the rural land transfer mechanism is to establish and improve the social service system is to est-ablish and improve the human capital development system.In this paper, the possibility of innovation is:(1)This study focuses on our country’s city process, research and analysis of the interaction between the transfer of rural labor force and the city proposed to speed up the city development, especially the development of small towns is the main way to achieve the transfer of rural surplus labor force in china.(2)This study as a comprehensive problem of rural labor transfer, positiveattempts from the coordinated development of urban and rural social and economic point of view, systematically analysis of the allocation of the transfer of rural labor force from region to region and industry, obtained a series of scientific conclusion.(3) This study combines economics, sociology, management science, demography, statistics and other multidisciplinary research ideas and methods. The application of grey forecasting model GM (1,1) to forecast the future trend of transfer of rural labor force; reference carbon emissionsdecomposition formula, using LMDI method of decomposition of the research on the influence factors of rural labor transfer in china. At the same time,pay great attention to the development of social investigation and empirical research, which can ensure the accuracy of quantitative analysis andprediction results and effectiveness.(4)In this study, through the analysis of theory and the successful experiences of overseas rural labor force shift, the paper reveals the basic laws of the transfer of rural labor force, path selection, and on the basis of China’s rural labor force transfer to improve the transfer of rural labor force allocation efficiency are proposed to solve the problem that way.