Resources And Group Interaction

The salt was one of the important livelihood resources in the Sichuan region during the Song and Yuan Dynasty, played an important role in the local social and political, economic, cultural, ethnic relations. During the Song and Yuan Dynasty was an important period of Sichuan salt production and technological changed, had an important status and significance in the history of Sichuan salt and history of geography. This paper will researched resources for historical geography is an important perspective, on the one hand was derived from the interaction between the social groups by a local important resource, then triggered the thought on the relationship between resources and human society; on the other hand was derived from the combination of historical geography to studied try a variety of research methods, not only on its geographical distribution, but also analyzed the phenomenon reflects the social relations, grasped the law of development and change, in order to realized the innovation of research perspective.At the same time with salt itself, the existed research was the study of simple salty historical, the main attention was paid to the salt industry history, history of science and technology, salt culture, archaeological and research summary introduction etc. There was a lack of salt for interactive analysis of triggering an important resource of local social groups. This thesis attempted to use multi-disciplinary, by exploring new problems, new ideas, new material and new method to study the innovation of salt industry.During the Song and Yuan Dynasty was an important period in Sichuan about Zhuotongjing technology invention and development, brought the rapid increase in salt production, promoted the status and share the Sichuan salt in the salt market. As an important resources, salt was beneficial to the people’s livelihood, triggering local groups compete for the right to salt more intense. This paper first introduced the distribution and change of the Sichuan salt, which relates to the classification of the Sichuan salt, as well as the status which occupies in the nationwide, and statistics related to historical origin and people were summarized. Through the analysis, these statistics provide important reference data for the study of the Sichuan salt, but there were some problems. Aimed at the shortcomings of previous study on distribution of pure salt, refined salt and compensate their specific position, add salt, salt production, structure, output, salt, tax, excavate, blossom and eclipse, technology and other aspects. To the Sichuan salt less attention in Yuan dynasty about position and related conditions were also discussed, and compared with those of the Song Dynasty, to understand the dynamic development of Sichuan salt. Through the market and traffic on the Song and Yuan Dynasty, the national government carried out the monopoly policy, salt business without permission were not mutually circulation, offenders as fast-fingered salt. But the official policy in different periods of enforcement measures not one, also provided an opportunity for the salt area of circulation, especially for the Sichuan salt area. Therefore, the Sichuan salt market was a relatively closed, and not to lose the open market compared with other salt national. The Sichuan salt district traded contains two internal and external market, the transportation was convenient to made full use of local water conditions, water should be more important than land.During the Song and Yuan Dynasties salt as government profit source, controlling salt can obtain the rich salt profits, so it became the object of the official competition between. For management of Sichuan salt, officially set up numerous salt official institutions, not only including the state, but also including provincial. These different functions of salt official institutions, both to ensure the government’s tax increase, also caused the dispute, make its official between salt game showed more diversification and intensification in trend.The importance of Sichuan salt of civil society in the Song and Yuan dynasty also lead to salt game between government and society. Sichuan official with to salt monopoly caused by the conflict between the government and the people. Folk to seek inevitable salt resistance, the resistance mainly included created behavior level and the social public opinion. Such as private salt traffic and excavated private wells, through social media whips salt official corruption seriously, in search of salt to meet demand. The official in the folk rebellion, in order to guarantee the stability of salt District, will be to ease the folk against by policy adjustments. The game between government and the people of salt by the official, all took care of both salt interests, conducive to the realization of the right to order stable salt.With the development of commodity economy and the people’s concept of wealth growth since the Tang Dynasty, salt had became one of the most important goals of local lord participate in social affairs in Sichuan. Lord was between the government and people, most were not official, but maintained close contact, its role and influence in the folk. The lord in the Sichuan salt zone behavior mainly as bully, thus with ordinary people the same salt interests conflict, resulted in the game between the two. Lord identity of numerous, widely distributed, in Sichuan salt area of intervention often presents a destructive effect. The official both their collusion oppressed people; sometimes stable seek order Sichuan salt areas, will also be restrictions on them, and took measures to eased the conflict between lord and people.During the Song and Yuan Dynasties Sichuan salt area surrounding many minorities, salt had become an important tool for adjusting the national relation, between the Han and the official to the southwest minority game. The Sichuan group games mainly in the southeast, southern and west departments. By Han official implementation of the salt monopoly policy, minority salt to meet the demand, while the development of Sichuan salt was minority gradually marginalized. Minority interests for salt and deal with marginalization, mainly by the military plunder. The relative resistance included the minority robbed and the military confrontation sides because of the salt. The official to seek salt game compromise to minority, strengthened the salt zone defense and took the relax measures. The implementation of these measures, effectively alleviate the salt between different ethnic groups because of conflicts and confrontation, was conducive to the stability and unity of the salt district.During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the sale were closely related with people’s life in the Sichuan area, since ancient times salt worship forms of all faiths, formed a vast belief culture. Another official found by creating salt belief can control the area society better, therefore also support, promoted the formation of the belief circle. Sichuan salt belief was rich in content, involving the area was very extensive, included both the official salt god belief, including folk salt god belief, this two kinds of faith also implied the officials and people on both sides of the ideology of the game. By shaping their rationality to show its salt right, at the same time, this kind of salt divinity belief circle formation also represented the compromised. The official through the compromise to folk belief in though granted, modification or transformation, make it became a recognized by both. Folk admitted the official salt right in faith, to completed the local salt god belief circle.In general, salt as an importance resource in Sichuan society at Song and Yuan Dynasties, caused the social groups in the game between salt content and the interests of the different forms. In the game of social groups, all through the conflict and compromise, eventually finding a reasonable salt right distribution order, complete the social order and stability of salt.