Research On The Energy-Saving Generation Model Suitable For The Transition Period Of Electricity Market Reform

Electricity market reform aims to optimize the distribution of the sources. The electricity markets in developing countries are faced with the long transition period of the deregulation. In this period, as the electricity market is affected by the energy policy, market regulation and some other factors, the generation efficiency is hard to be improved to achieve the energy-saving goal through the market competition. It is an important subject with theoretic and practical values that how to take the energy-saving generation demand into consideration in the process of electricity market reform. On one hand, this paper highlighted the theme of energy saving. The different energy-saving methods were compared according to their operating rules and the conditions of compatibility. The energy-saving principles and the related indices were analyzed from the point of view of energy conversion. Furthermore, the generation cost and the energy-saving benefit were evaluated economically. These had provided the evidences and the extensions for the energy-saving optimization on the generation side. On the other hand, this paper studied the interior rules of electricity market development, creatively proposed a new research subject of electricity market in transition, and analyzed the characteristics and the modeling approaches of the electricity market in transition. This paper integrated the above two aspects together, explored the energy-saving generation model suitable for the transition period of electricity market reform, and then tried to suggest two related models. The detailed work is indicated as follows:The existed energy-saving generation methods were classified as the direct control ones and the market aided ones to be analyzed. The direct control ones, such as economic dispatch and optimal power flow, were suitable for the vertically integrated operation mode. Meanwhile, the market aided ones introduced appropriate price mechanisms and used market-based tradings to achieve the optimal distribution of generation resources. These were much more flexible, and were also coordinated with the market reform trend. However, their realization needed to consider the market environment and the actual condition of power system carefully.The efficiency of the thermal unit was researched around the energy conversion process, and the essence of energy-saving generation was explored. The paper analyzed the physics meanings and the calculating methods of the key indices which were intimately related with the energy saving. The efficient technologies of coal burning were introduced. The standard unit coal assumptions of several kinds of units were compared when the loading rates were different. Then the basic ways to improve the energy-saving generation were further proposed.The cost structures of the units with different efficiencies were analyzed, and the researches were extended from the differences in efficiency to the economics of generation. Based on the unit quantity of electricity, the total generation cost included the fixed capital cost and the fuel cost. The fixed capital cost was acquired from the distribution of the annual fixed cost, and the fuel cost was related with the generation efficiency through the uniform heat price. The analyses indicated that fuel cost priority owned by the efficient unit could be covered by the fixed capital cost.According to the present situation and the classic market theories of electricity market, an operation framework based on physical and financial balance was proposed. Through the analysis of the balance mechanism between different parts of electricity, the paper highlighted the important auxiliary position of financial trading, and indicated the broad prospects to apply the complex system simulation as the electricity market was getting complex. This section provided the basis for the specific design of electricity market.The development experiences of electricity markets in different countries and regions were carefully analyzed, and the research subject of electricity market in transition was proposed creatively. The paper traced the experiences in developed countries like the England and the US and the developing countries, and accumulated the evidences to support the proposition. The characteristics, typical performances and the design approaches of the electricity market in transition were also indicated.Considering the competition couldn’t achieve the energy-saving generation in the electricity market in transition, a bi-level energy-saving optimization model of electricity market was proposed first. The new model adopted the bi-level structure with layered optimal dispatch and efficiency replacement which were designed to work out and revise the dispatch plan respectively. And the appropriate settlement rule ensured that the generators who had been successfully matched in the efficiency replacement could share the energy-saving benefit.Furthermore, considering the efficiency levels of the generators weren’t coordinated with their market position, an efficiency oriented energy-saving optimization model of electricity market was proposed. The new model extended the generation right to virtual generation right, and the trading of virtual generation right and the economic dispatch were operated independently. The market activities wouldn’t affect the safety and the stability of the system directly. The appropriate settlement rule also ensured the dominant market positions of the efficient generators. The energy-saving goal of generation could be achieved through an indirectly way.