| The research purpose of safety science is to prevent accidents.In order to prevent coal and gas outburst accidents or reduce the accident number,the most fundamental and important work is to analyze the causes of coal and gas outburst accidents which have been occurred,to find out the causal factors of accidents and their general characters,to develop targeted prevention and control measures.Accident cause analysis needs theoretical basis,so that analysis results are scientific and valuable.Therefore,this paper selected the accident causation "2-4" model as the theoretical basis,to conduct the basic research for coal and gas outburst accidents prevention.On the basis of accident causation "2-4" model,this paper classified the factors in the model,and proposed the analysis method of reasons for coal and gas outburst accidents.And the 93 major accidents of coal and gas outburst were selected as the research object,and the organization internal factors were mainly studied using the methods of literature research,case analysis,and accident statistics.Then the classified study on direct cause,indirect cause,radical cause and root cause was given according to the result of accidents cause analysis.And the correlations between the high level and low level causes were analyzed by the Chi-square test for independence.Finally the management and control suggestions for coal and gas outburst accidents prevention were given.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The time characteristics,spatial characteristics,and the basic characteristics of the coal mines of coal and gas outburst accidents were obtained.The research shows that the accidents in a year were mainly concentrated in the month of January,March and December,in a day were mainly concentrated in the early and middle shift time periods;The accidents presented a certain regional feature in the space;In addition to Henan province,the accident frequency in southern provinces,Hunan,Guizhou,Chongqing and Sichuan,was higher(62.4% of total accidents);Accident location were mainly coal lane tunneling faces and rock cross-cut coal caving face;The proportion of coal and gas outburst accidents occurred in small coal mines was 71.0%,and that in township coal mines was 44.1%;The proportion of the accidents occurred in illegal coal mines was still large,accounting for 38.7%;The coal and gas outburst accidents could also be occurred in high gas mines and low gas mines.The conclusion provides a reference for coal and gas outburst accident prevention from taking macro measures.(2)The analysis method of coal and gas outburst accident was proposed.On the basis of accident causation "2-4" model,the classification framework of the causal factors of coal and gas outburst accidents was established,and the steps of accident cause analysis were given.In the classification framework unsafe acts were divided into 4 types(violation operation,violation commanding,violation action,and non-violation acts),unsafe conditions could be divided into 3 types(the adverse condition of production environment,the defects of equipment and facilities,the defects of safety protection device),indirect cause consisted of lack of safety knowledge,shortage of safety awareness,and bad safety habit,radical cause could be divided into defects of safety management procedures and defects of safety management structure,root cause was divided into the defects of 32 safety culture elements.Then the steps of accident cause analysis were given: define the accident and its organization,establish accident related event chain,identify the causes of the accident,classify the causes of the accident,etc.(3)The organization internal factors,causing the coal and gas outburst accidents,and its related features were obtained with the application of accident cause analysis method.Unsafe acts had a total of 71 cause forms and happened 426 times.The main act types were violation operation,with the proportion of 38.7%.Eliminating the 6 kinds of unsafe acts,“illegal blasting”,“illegal commanding workers working in hazardous areas”,“not reporting or eliminating potential safety hazards”,“failed to perform four-in-one outburst prevention measures”,“illegal production”,and “illegal support”,can avoid 43.2% of unsafe acts.Unsafe conditions had a total of 24 cause forms and happened 172 times.The main types of unsafe conditions were the adverse condition of production environment.Focus on prevention and control of outburst omen,geological structure belts,dramatic changes in seam conditions,mining stress superposition,can avoid 72.1% of unsafe conditions.Indirect causes happened 172 times,96% of which lack of safety knowledge or shortage of safety awareness.Obtaining the 21 safety knowledge and 26 safety awareness can effectively prevent the occurrence of gas outburst accidents.The numbers of coal and gas outburst accidents affected separately by lack of safety knowledge,shortage of safety awareness and bad safety habits were respectively 90,92,and 34.There were 21 forms of safety knowledge,26 forms of safety awareness and 17 forms of safety habits related to accidents.Radical causes happened 297 times.98.9% of coal and gas outburst accidents were affected by the “defects of safety management procedures”,and 67.6% of factors,“defects of safety management structure”,were “inadequate staffing” factors.Coal mines to establish and perfect “safety training management procedure”,“safety hazards inspection,management and reporting procedure”,and “outburst prevention related personnel”,can reduce 52.2% of the defects of safety management system.Root causes happened 297 times.59.4% of the 32 safe culture elements affected the occurrence of gas outburst accidents.Considering the “safety depends on safety awareness”,“leadership accountabilities”,and “safety training requirements” as the main content of safety culture construction was very important for accident prevention from the source.(4)There were 14 kinds of laws and regulations related to behavior reasons of the gas outburst accidents.Coal mines should focus on the top 3 laws: the Coal Mine Safety Rules,the Prevention and Control of Coal and Gas Outburst Rules,and Special Rules of the State Council on Preventing Accidents in Coal Mines.There were 11 laws and regulations and 96 clauses related to unsafe acts.The top 3 frequently occurring clauses relating to violation operation were clause 8 of the Coal Mine Safety Rules,clause 6.1.1 of Safety Regulations for Blasting,and clause 6 of the Prevention and Control of Coal and Gas Outburst Rules.The top 3 frequently occurring clauses relating to violation action were clause 191 of the Coal Mine Safety Rules,clause 70 and clause 5 of the Prevention and Control of Coal and Gas Outburst Rules.The top 3 frequently occurring clauses relating to violation commanding were clause 8 of the Coal Mine Safety Rules,clause 30 of the Prevention and Control of Coal and Gas Outburst Rules,and clause 201 of the Coal Mine Safety Rules.There were 33 clauses of 6 kinds of laws and regulations related to unsafe conditions.The top 3 frequently occurring clauses relating to the adverse condition of production environment were clause 70 and clause 22 of the Prevention and Control of Coal and Gas Outburst Rules,and clause 195 of the Coal Mine Safety Rules.The top 4 frequently occurring clauses relating to the defects of equipment and facilities were clause 14 of the Prevention and Control of Coal and Gas Outburst Rules,clause 489 and clause 181 of the Coal Mine Safety Rules,and clause 4.2 of Use Management Specifications of Safety Monitoring System and Measuring Instrument in Coal Mine.The top 3 frequently occurring clauses relating to the defects of safety protection device were clause 499,clause 58 and clause 492 of the Coal Mine Safety Rules.Radical cause violated a total of 39 clauses in 9 kinds of laws and regulations.The top 4 frequently occurring clauses relating to the defects of safety management procedures were clause 4 of the Coal Mine Safety Rules,clause 7 of Regulations on Safety Training for Coal Mines,clause 38 of Law of the PRC on Safe Production,and clause 9 of Special Rules of the State Council on Preventing Accidents in Coal Mines.The top 3 frequently occurring clauses relating to the defects of safety management structure were clause 5 of the Coal Mine Safety Rules,clause 27 and clause 30 of the Prevention and Control of Coal and Gas Outburst Rules.(5)There were nine groups of causes with significant correlation between the high level and low level causes in the framework were proved by the Chi-square test for independence.Under the condition of significant level equal to 0.05,there were five groups of causes with significant correlation between the root cause and radical cause,including “awareness of safety investment” and “defects of safety management structure”,“role of safety department” and “defects of safety management structure”,“effect of management system” and “defects of safety management structure”,“safety management of subsidiaries and contract companies” and “defects of safety management structure”,“the work of safety department” and “defects of safety management procedure”.No significant correlation between radical cause and indirect cause.There were four groups of causes with significant correlation between the indirect cause and direct cause: “lack of safety knowledge” and “violation operation”,“lack of safety knowledge” and “violation action”,“shortage of safety awareness” and “violation action”,“bad safety habits" and “adverse condition of production environment”.The obove results were of great importance for taking measures from the angle of system to eliminate coal and gas outburst risk.(6)According to the results of gas outburst accident cause analysis,the gas outburst accident case training database was established on the basis of behavior-based safety training system for accidents prevention.And according to the view of accident prevention from accident causation “2-4” model,the corresponding control measures were suggested from the five aspects: unsafe acts control,unsafe condition control,habitual behavior control,safety management system construction and safety culture construction,to guide the prevention of coal and gas outburst accident. |
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